Optimization of metal atomic ratio of Pd x Ru y Ni z on carbon support for ethanol oxidation

Pd11Ni11Pt2 nanoparticles with three-phase surface enrichment for facilitating electrooxidation of ethanol and ethylene glycol

“…24 Trimetallic catalysts remain attractive for improving the electrocatalytic EOR and EGOR performance compared to bimetallic counterparts, such as PdBiMn, Pd x Ru y Ni z , PdPbBi, PdAuAg nanocages, and pinecone-like PdAuAg. [25][26][27][28][29] Therefore, fabrication of trimetallic nanomaterials with special structures will help to investigate the structure-activity relationship. Various strategies have been proposed to design trimetallic electrocatalysts, such as shape-controlled synthesis, defect engineering, surface modification, and so on.…”

Enhancing Activity of Pd-Based/rGO Catalysts by Al-Si-Na Addition in Ethanol Electrooxidation in Alkaline Medium

“…Some Pd-based catalysts such as Pd-Co [5], Pd-Ni [6][7][8], Pd-Ni-Sn [9], Pd-Ru-Ni [10], Pd-Cu [11], Pd-Au [12], Pd-Ag [13], or Pt-Pb [14] have been studied to minimize Pd content and poisoning effect in high electrochemical activity of remaining Pd. According to various researches, the presence of transition metals such as Co and Ni, provided M-ROH ads or formed M-(ROH) x species (where M is the metal atom, ROH are methanol or ethanol), which changed the ethanol adsorption ability and enhanced the adsorption process of intermediate CHO ads , CO ads , limiting the poisoning process and thus improving the catalytic activity [5-7, 9, 10].…”