Optimization of Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles through Statistical Design of Experiment and the Application for the Anticancer Drug

Abstract

The synthesis process or composition of mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) affects the physicochemical properties. Using these properties, MSNs were synthesized through the Box–Behnken design (BBD) among statistical experimental methods. The effect of the amounts of synthetic reagents, hexadecyl triethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and 2 N sodium hydroxide (NaOH), was studied using the reaction surface design. Surface area, particle size, and zeta potential were set as response values. The physicochemical properties of the optimized MSNs were evaluated, and the effect as a drug delivery system was evaluated by loading doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX). Nano-sized MSNs were successfully prepared with 0.617 g of CTAB, 8.417 mL of TEOS, and 2.726 mL of 2 N NaOH and showed excellent physicochemical properties. The optimized MSNs showed negligible toxicity in MCF-7 cells. The drug release profile from DOX-loaded MSNs (MSN@DOX) showed an increased rate of release with decreasing pH of the medium, with the release profile sustained for 48 h. In the cytotoxicity test, the sustained drug release mechanism of MSN@DOX was confirmed. This study proposed a new statistical approach to the synthesis of MSNs.

NIR-Triggered Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species and Photodynamic Therapy Based on Mesoporous Silica-Coated LiYF4 Upconverting Nanoparticles

“…Compared to other kind of nanoparticles, the unique properties of these inorganic nanomaterials allowed for building efficient complex nanostructures. Consequently, mesoporous silica nanoparticles such as MCM-41, MCM-48, SBA-15, and core-shell and hollow MSNs have been used in drug delivery due to their distinctive properties [ 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 ].…”

High Surface Area Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles with Tunable Size in the Sub-Micrometer Regime: Insights on the Size and Porosity Control Mechanisms

“…When NaOH is used to catalyze the synthesis of MSN, typically a high reaction temperature (80–100 °C) and a large volume of aqueous base (200–1000 mL) are required [ 28 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 , 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 ] to contain MSN size in sub-micrometer regime [ 49 ]. In fact, such a temperature range, required to trigger nucleation and MSN formation, results in the formation of large, micrometer-sized, silica particles aggregates, and the use of large volume of aqueous NaOH limits particle aggregation and uncontrolled formation of larger MSNs thanks to dilution.…”

Optimization of mirtazapine loaded into mesoporous silica nanostructures via Box-Behnken design: in-vitro characterization and in-vivo assessment

“…A Box-Behnken Design with three factors at three levels (3 3 ) was developed to study the effect of the independent variables on the dependent responses through response surface analysis. The experimental design and statistical analysis of BBD were achieved using the Design-Expert ® software trial (Kim et al., 2021 ). The design demanded to construct 17 trials ( Table 2 ).…”