Optimization of large-scale manufacturing of biopolymeric and lipid nanoparticles using microfluidic swirl mixers

Characterisation of niosome nanoparticles prepared by microfluidic mixing for drug delivery

“…Although the niosomes composition affects the generated particles size and size distribution, still all the generated formulations were small in size (<200 nm) with monodisperse characteristics. This confirms the suitability of microfluidic mixing for the industrial scale production of such nanoparticles with high reproducibility ( Tomeh et al, 2022 ). Similar results about the effects of changing the niosome compositions on the generated particles size were reported by Nowroozi et al , where they prepared different niosome formulations using the thin film hydration method followed by the use of various size reduction techniques such as extrusion and probe sonication ( Nowroozi et al, 2018 ).…”

Microfluidic vortex focusing for high throughput synthesis of size-tunable liposomes

“…In the cyclonic flow cell, stretching and folding of the fluid interface under the influence of the vortical flow field contributes to rapid mixing of the miscible aqueous and lipid streams 65 . This aspect of the mixing process is similar to other vortex mixers explored for liposome synthesis 66 – 69 , in which both lipid and buffer are injected tangentially into a mixing chamber to generate chaotic advection patterns in a manner similar to herringbone or toroidal micromixers. Compared with mixing by conventional ethanol injection 70 , vortex mixing can yield enhanced mixing rates and improved control over liposome size.…”

“…Compared with mixing by conventional ethanol injection 70 , vortex mixing can yield enhanced mixing rates and improved control over liposome size. However, as with microfluidic chaotic advection mixers [44][45][46][47] , liposome polydispersity tends to be high due to spatial variations across the mixing zone, with reported polydispersity index (PDI) values typically above 0.2 regardless of flow rate ratio 67,69 .…”

A Review of Microfluidic Experimental Designs for Nanoparticle Synthesis

“…Alternatively, Tomeh et al [ 68 ] have used a new type of microfluidic design: a swirl mixer. According to the authors, this novel design provides a high production rate, reproducibility, and precise control over particle size.…”

“…In this respect, numerous studies have focused on fabricating microfluidic devices, performing numerical simulations, analyzing fluid movement, and testing the developed microchips in experimental syntheses. Researchers worldwide managed to exploit the advantages of microfluidic technology for generating microdroplets [ 44 , 53 , 59 , 72 , 80 , 85 , 86 , 87 , 88 ], porous films [ 45 ], double emulsion droplets [ 55 ], nanofibers [ 69 ], microcapsules [ 82 , 83 ], and micro- [ 32 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 70 , 77 , 82 ] and nanoparticles of various compositions, sizes, shapes and morphologies [ 6 , 42 , 50 , 52 , 54 , 60 , 61 , 65 , 66 , 68 , 74 , 76 , 78 , 84 ].…”