Optimization of Land Use Based on the Source and Sink Landscape of Ecosystem Services: A Case Study of Fengdu County in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area, China

Abstract

Promoting the preservation and appreciation of ecosystem services is an important value guide for land use optimization. In this research, Fengdu County in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area was selected as the focus of a case study. From the perspective of the source and sink landscape of ecosystem services, a MOP model and FLUS model were used to optimize the areas of various land use types and the spatial configurations of those land use types in the study area in 2035 under a strict ecological constraint (SEC) scenario, a moderate ecological constraint (MEC) scenario, and a relaxed ecological constraint (REC) scenario. We also superimposed and adjusted the results of land use optimization under the three ecological constraint scenarios, and obtained land use regionalization results that integrated multiple scenarios. The results indicated that (1) there were large differences in the areas and spatial distributions of the source and sink landscapes under the three scenarios. Under the SEC scenario, the important source landscapes (ISLs), common source landscapes (CSLs), and sink landscapes (SLs) areas covered 1676.62 km2, 1190.43 km2, and 33.81 km2, respectively. A large area of the CSLs and a small area of the SLs were transformed into ISLs area, and the degree of fragmentation of the landscape was low. Under the MEC scenario, the ISLs, CSLs, and SLs areas covered 1609.22 km2, 1241.60 km2, and 49.74 km2, respectively. The development of the source landscapes and sink landscapes was similar, and the degree of fragmentation was moderate. Under the REC scenario, the ISLs, CSLs, and SLs areas covered 1603.96 km2, 1243.32 km2, and 53.58 km2, respectively. A large area of CSLs was transformed into SLs area, and the degree of fragmentation was high. (2) Fengdu County was divided into seven types of areas: ecological conservation area; agricultural production area; construction optimization area; construction-ecological area; ecological-agricultural area; agricultural-construction area; and integrated development area. The results of this study can provide references for the territorial spatial planning and management of ecological barrier zones.

Changes in built‐up land along slope gradients and their effects on vegetation in the Three Gorges Reservoir Area

“…The construction and operation of the TGR, the world's largest water conservancy project, has greatly changed the relationship between humans and the environment in the region, triggering a series of ecological risks, including built‐up land SC (Stone, 2011; Wu et al, 2003). However, numerous ecological restoration practices have not only reduced the ecological risks but also led to the continuous improvement of ecosystem services in the TGRA (Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Lu, et al, 2021; Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Zhou, et al, 2021). The results indicate that it is feasible to mitigate the ecological risks of large‐scale engineering construction through active and effective ecological protection and restoration measures.…”

“…However, numerous ecological restoration practices have not only reduced the ecological risks but also led to the continuous improvement of ecosystem services in the TGRA (Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Lu, et al, 2021;Zhang, Yang, Zhang, Zhou, et al, 2021). The results indicate that it is feasible to mitigate the ecological risks of large-scale engineering construction through active and effective ecological protection and restoration measures.…”

Attraction and passage efficiency for salmonids and non‐salmonids based on fishway: A meta‐analysis approach

“…We assumed that the fishway slope, length, and elevation change as covariates that could affect PE and incorporated them into subsequent meta‐regression analysis. If a study did not report one or more of these three metrics, afterwards the metrics were determined via other sources (e.g., Jiao et al, 2023; Zhang, 2021). In addition, if any study used the slope among antennas located in a fishway instead, the average slope would be adopted (e.g., Wagner et al, 2012).…”

Differentiation of Carbon Sink Enhancement Potential in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region of China

“…The core of carbon sink enhancement is to improve the carbon sequestration capacity of terrestrial ecosystems through "optimal ecosystem layout, species allocation and ecosystem management" [12], and territorial spatial planning is widely recognized as an effective way of controlling greenhouse gas emissions from the macro perspective [2,13]. For example, the central government of China has issued the National Outline of Territorial Spatial Planning (2021-2035), which provides an important basis for guiding the planning of national carbon sink function areas and lays an important foundation for macro decision making on the upgrading of ecological carbon sinks [14]. The central government of China has also proposed to implement this planning by adhering to planning and coordination, focusing on constructing a spatial pattern of ecological protection and restoration, with the goal of constructing a national ecological security barrier system [14,15].…”

“…For example, the central government of China has issued the National Outline of Territorial Spatial Planning (2021-2035), which provides an important basis for guiding the planning of national carbon sink function areas and lays an important foundation for macro decision making on the upgrading of ecological carbon sinks [14]. The central government of China has also proposed to implement this planning by adhering to planning and coordination, focusing on constructing a spatial pattern of ecological protection and restoration, with the goal of constructing a national ecological security barrier system [14,15]. However, land and urban-rural planning in the past has primarily focused more on carbon reduction by balancing ecological, agricultural, and urban spaces, rather than the enhancement of carbon sinks by improving land management [16].…”