Optimization of influent factors on nucleation process of copper in solutions containing thiourea using an experimental design

Martin, Vacha; Sanllorente, S.; Palmero, Susana

doi:10.1016/s0013-4686(98)00188-1

Cited by 29 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Therefore, to ensure greater reproducibility and quality, it is important to develop a more scientific approach leading to a better understanding of the alloy deposition phenomenon. One way to do this is to use experimental design and statistical techniques [11][12][13] which would allow improvements both in process performance and reliability, leading to the creation of new alloys systems that fulfill industrial needs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface analysis to evaluate the influence of deposition parameters on the electrodeposition of Cu–Co alloys in citrate medium

et al. 2008

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Copper-cobalt alloy coatings were deposited on mild steel substrates using sodium citrate electrolytes at room temperature and under direct current. A set of cathodic polarization curves was plotted by varying the mechanical stirring speed of the solution (0-400 rpm), using a range of current densities during the electrodeposition experiments. Factorial design was used to verify the influence of these deposition parameters on the cathodic efficiency, the copper and cobalt content in the coating, the corrosion current density of the coating/substrate system, and the efficiency of the coating in protecting the substrate. The electroplating experiments showed that, with the studied bath composition, high stirring speed and low current density lead to greater cathodic current efficiency and copper-rich coatings. On the other hand, high current density and low stirring speed yields coatings with high cobalt content and a lower cathodic efficiency. Our results show that the studied parameters affect the corrosion current density and the coating efficiency of the coating/ substrate system in opposite ways. The best results were obtained increasing the current density and decreasing the mechanical stirring speed. Additionally, three samples were produced in selected deposition conditions. The coatings morphologies were compact, and their grain sizes seemed to enlarge with increasing stirring speed and decreasing current density.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Response surface analysis to evaluate the influence of deposition parameters on the electrodeposition of Cu–Co alloys in citrate medium

et al. 2008

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“…Therefore, it is important to develop a more scientific approach leading to a better fundamental understanding of the alloy deposition phenomenon. This could be obtained using experimental design and statistical approaches [11][12][13] , which would make it possible to improve both, the process performance and the reliability, as well as to establish new alloys systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of cathodic current density and mechanical stirring on the electrodeposition of Cu-Co alloys in citrate bath

et al. 2008

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Cathodic polarization curves of Cu-Co alloys were galvanostatically obtained on a platinum net, using electrolytes containing copper and cobalt sulfates, sodium citrate and boric acid (pH values ranging from 4.88 to 6.00), with different mechanical stirring conditions. In order to evaluate quantitatively the influence of the applied current density and the mechanical stirring on the cathodic efficiency, the alloy composition for the Cu-Co alloy deposition process, and the average deposition potential, an experimental central composite design 2 2 was employed, and three current density intervals (0.11 to 0.60, 0.50 to 1.98 and 2.44 to 9.94 mA.cm -2 ) were chosen from the polarization curves for this purpose. The results indicated that the current density (mainly in the range between 0.11 and 0.60 mA.cm ), only the average potential was influenced by the current density. On the other hand, the mechanical stirring had a significant effect only on the copper content, for both the lowest (0.11 to 0.60 mA.cm -2 ) and the highest current density range (2.44 to 9.94 mA.cm -2 ). Indeed, in the last range, none of the studied deposition parameters presented significant influence on the studied variables, except for the copper content. This could probably be explained by the direct incorporation of Cu-Citrate complexes in the coating, which was enhanced at high current values.

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“…For screening, primarily two-level full factorial (Santana et al, 2006;2007a;2007b;Souza e Silva et al, 2006) and fractional factorial designs (Wery et al, 1999;Hu & Bay, 2001a;2001b;Tsay & Hu, 2002;Hu et al, 2003;Bai & Hu, 2005;Hu et al, 2006;Dubent et al, 2007) have been applied. For the actual optimization of important factors, response surface designs, such as central composite (San Martín et al, 1998;Hu & Bay, 2001a;2001b;Tsay & Hu, 2002;Hu et al, 2003;Bai & Hu, 2005;Hu et al, 2006;Silva et al, 2008;Musa et al, 2008;Poroch-Seritana et al, 2011), Box-Behnken (Morawej et al, 2006), and Doehlert (Chalumeau et al, 2004;, have been used.…”

Section: The Main Results Presented In the Literature Concerning The mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, these experiments are time consuming, requiring a large number of experiments, and also produce substantial amounts of wastewater. Moreover, the influence of the combined parameters on the studied variables is not evaluated, which confirms that the optimum levels determined by these methods are generally unreliable (San Martín et al, 1998;Rabiot et al, 1998;Santana et al, 2007a, Santana et al, 2007b. Therefore, to ensure greater reproducibility and quality, the development of a more scientific approach that leads to a better understanding of alloy deposition phenomena is important.…”

Section: Wwwintechopencommentioning

confidence: 94%

Experimental Design and Response Surface Analysis as Available Tools for Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Electrodeposition Processes

Senna¹,

Luna²

2012

Electroplating

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Optimization of influent factors on nucleation process of copper in solutions containing thiourea using an experimental design

Cited by 29 publications

References 23 publications

Response surface analysis to evaluate the influence of deposition parameters on the electrodeposition of Cu–Co alloys in citrate medium

Response surface analysis to evaluate the influence of deposition parameters on the electrodeposition of Cu–Co alloys in citrate medium

Influence of cathodic current density and mechanical stirring on the electrodeposition of Cu-Co alloys in citrate bath

Experimental Design and Response Surface Analysis as Available Tools for Statistical Modeling and Optimization of Electrodeposition Processes

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