Optimization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme methods for ecosystem studies

German, Donovan P.; Weintraub, Michael N.; Grandy, A. Stuart; Lauber, Christian L.; Rinkes, Zachary L.; Allison, Steven D.

doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.03.017

Cited by 872 publications

(485 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…Replicate blank, negative control and quench standard wells were also measured. The enzyme activities were calculated according to German et al (2011) and are expressed as nmol of MUF released per g soil and hour (nmol g −1 h −1 ).…”

Section: Soil Enzyme Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar affects soil organic matter cycling and microbial functions but does not alter microbial community structure in a paddy soil

Tian

Wang

Dippold

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

228

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Section: Soil Enzyme Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar affects soil organic matter cycling and microbial functions but does not alter microbial community structure in a paddy soil

Tian

Wang

Dippold

et al. 2016

Science of The Total Environment

228

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…The homogenates were continuously stirred while dispensing 200 μl per well into 96-well microplates with eight replicate wells per sample per assay. Fluorimetric enzyme assays were performed according to the methods described in German et al (2011) and Alster et al (2013), and oxidative enzymes were measured using a colorimetric assay described in Allison and Jastrow (2006) and Alster et al (2013). The potential activities (in μmol g − 1 h − 1 ) of all nine enzymes were used to generate a Euclidian distance matrix of all samples.…”

Section: Extracellular Enzyme Activitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Temporal variation overshadows the response of leaf litter microbial communities to simulated global change

et al. 2015

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Bacteria and fungi drive the decomposition of dead plant biomass (litter), an important step in the terrestrial carbon cycle. Here we investigate the sensitivity of litter microbial communities to simulated global change (drought and nitrogen addition) in a California annual grassland. Using 16S and 28S rDNA amplicon pyrosequencing, we quantify the response of the bacterial and fungal communities to the treatments and compare these results to background, temporal (seasonal and interannual) variability of the communities. We found that the drought and nitrogen treatments both had significant effects on microbial community composition, explaining 2-6% of total compositional variation. However, microbial composition was even more strongly influenced by seasonal and annual variation (explaining 14-39%). The response of microbial composition to drought varied by season, while the effect of the nitrogen addition treatment was constant through time. These compositional responses were similar in magnitude to those seen in microbial enzyme activities and the surrounding plant community, but did not correspond to a consistent effect on leaf litter decomposition rate. Overall, these patterns indicate that, in this ecosystem, temporal variability in the composition of leaf litter microorganisms largely surpasses that expected in a short-term global change experiment. Thus, as for plant communities, future microbial communities will likely be determined by the interplay between rapid, local background variability and slower, global changes.

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“…To estimate soil microbial function, six ubiquitous enzymes involved in the degradation of organic N, C, and P were assayed fluorometrically [58,59]. We assayed acid phosphatase (AP), which targets phosphate groups attached to organic polymers; β-glucosidase (BG), which breaks down cellulose; cellobiohydrolase (CBH), which cleaves cellulose into simpler polymers such as cellobiose; N-acetyl β-glucosaminidase (NAG), which degrades chitin; β-xylosidase (BX), which targets hemicellulose; and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP), which releases the amino acid leucine from polypeptides.…”

Section: Extracellular Enzyme Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Responses of Soil Fungi to Logging and Oil Palm Agriculture in Southeast Asian Tropical Forests

et al. 2014

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Human land use alters soil microbial composition and function in a variety of systems, although few comparable studies have been done in tropical forests and tropical agricultural production areas. Logging and the expansion of oil palm agriculture are two of the most significant drivers of tropical deforestation, and the latter is most prevalent in Southeast Asia. The aim of this study was to compare soil fungal communities from three sites in Malaysia that represent three of the most dominant land-use types in the Southeast Asia tropics: a primary forest, a regenerating forest that had been selectively logged 50 years previously, and a 25-year-old oil palm plantation. Soil cores were collected from three replicate plots at each site, and fungal communities were sequenced using the Illumina platform. Extracellular enzyme assays were assessed as a proxy for soil microbial function. We found that fungal communities were distinct across all sites, although fungal composition in the regenerating forest was more similar to the primary forest than either forest community was to the oil palm site. Ectomycorrhizal fungi, which are important associates of the dominant Dipterocarpaceae tree family in this region, were compositionally distinct across forests, but were nearly absent from oil palm soils. Extracellular enzyme assays indicated that the soil ecosystem in oil palm plantations experienced altered nutrient cycling dynamics, but there were few differences between regenerating and primary forest soils. Together, these results show that logging and the replacement of primary forest with oil palm plantations alter fungal community and function, although forests regenerating from logging had more similarities with primary forests in terms of fungal composition and nutrient cycling potential. Since oil palm agriculture is currently the mostly rapidly expanding equatorial crop and logging is pervasive across tropical ecosystems, these findings may have broad applicability.

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Optimization of hydrolytic and oxidative enzyme methods for ecosystem studies

Cited by 872 publications

References 59 publications

Biochar affects soil organic matter cycling and microbial functions but does not alter microbial community structure in a paddy soil

Biochar affects soil organic matter cycling and microbial functions but does not alter microbial community structure in a paddy soil

Temporal variation overshadows the response of leaf litter microbial communities to simulated global change

Responses of Soil Fungi to Logging and Oil Palm Agriculture in Southeast Asian Tropical Forests

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