Optimization of high purity chitin and chitosan production from Illex argentinus pens by a combination of enzymatic and chemical processes

Vázquez, José Antonio; Noriega, Diana; Ramos, P.; Valcárcel, Jesús; Novoa-Carballal, Ramón; Pastrana, Lorenzo; Reis, Rui L.; Pérez‐Martín, Ricardo I.

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.06.070

Cited by 37 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The first step for the isolation of glycosaminoglycans was the enzymatic digestion of cartilage from heads, central skeletons and fins of G. melastomus by-products. The enzyme selected was alcalase, a well-known endoprotease with excellent capacity to hydrolyze several marine substrates [ 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 ], including cartilage from other fish species [ 25 , 26 ]. The kinetics of enzyme hydrolysis were performed under the experimental conditions defined in Table 1 and the Materials and Methods Section.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate from Cartilage By-Products of Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus)

Vázquez¹,

Fraguas²,

Novoa-Carvallal

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan actively researched for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical and tissue engineering applications. CS extracted from marine animals displays different features from common terrestrial sources, resulting in distinct properties, such as anti-viral and anti-metastatic. Therefore, exploration of undescribed marine species holds potential to expand the possibilities of currently-known CS. Accordingly, we have studied for the first time the production and characterization of CS from blackmouth catshark (Galeus melastomus), a shark species commonly discarded as by-catch. The process of CS purification consists of cartilage hydrolysis with alcalase, followed by two different chemical treatments and ending with membrane purification. All steps were optimized by response surface methodology. According to this, the best conditions for cartilage proteolysis were established at 52.9 °C and pH = 7.31. Subsequent purification by either alkaline treatment or hydroalcoholic alkaline precipitation yielded CS with purities of 81.2%, 82.3% and 97.4% respectively, after 30-kDa membrane separation. The molecular weight of CS obtained ranges 53–66 kDa, depending on the conditions. Sulfation profiles were similar for all materials, with dominant CS-C (GlcA-GalNAc6S) units (55%), followed by 23–24% of CS-A (GlcA-GalNAc4S), a substantial amount (15–16%) of CS-D (GlcA2S-GalNAc6S) and less than 7% of other disulfated and unsulfated disaccharides.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate from Cartilage By-Products of Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus)

Vázquez¹,

Fraguas²,

Novoa-Carvallal

et al. 2018

Marine Drugs

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“…The selection of a commercial endoprotease, Alcalase, was motivated by its remarkable hydrolytic ability and versatility to digest and liquefy aquaculture wastes [ 14 , 16 , 27 ], fish discards [ 11 , 25 , 26 , 28 , 29 ], and fish canning by-products [ 30 ]. It was also an adequate biocatalyst in the first step in terms of the optimal purification of biological polymers such as glycosaminoglycans [ 6 , 8 ], collagen and derivatives [ 31 ], and chitin/chitosan [ 9 , 32 , 33 ]. In addition, it is an enzyme that is qualified as food grade, that is easy to add, has convenient storage in refrigeration at 4 °C, is fully soluble in aqueous solution, and is reasonably priced for use on an industrial scale.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Monkfish By-Products: Chemical Features and Associated Biological Activities

et al. 2020

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The aim of this work was the recovery of protein substrates from monkfish waste (heads and viscera) generated in the on-board processing of this species. Initially, the effect of pH, temperature, and protease concentration was studied on mixtures of a 1:1 ratio (w/v) of monkfish heads/water. The optimal conditions of proteolytic digestion were established at 57.4 °C, pH 8.31, [Alcalase] = 0.05% (v/w) for 3 h of hydrolysis. Later on, a set of hydrolysis at 5L-pH-stat reactor were run under the aforementioned conditions, confirming the validity of the optimization studies for the head and viscera of monkfish. Regarding the chemical properties of the fish protein hydrolysates (FPH), the yield of digestion was higher than 90% in both cases and the degrees of hydrolysis and the soluble protein content were not especially large (<20% and <45 g/L, respectively). In vitro digestibility was higher than 90% and the percentage of essential amino acids ranged from 40 to 42%. Antioxidant activities were higher in viscera FPH, and antihypertensive ability was superior in head FPH. The values of number average molecular weights (Mn) of monkfish hydrolysates were 600 Da in the viscera and 947 Da in the head. The peptide size distribution, obtained by size-exclusion chromatography, indicated that the largest presence of peptides below 1000 Da and 200 Da was observed in the viscera FPH.

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“…The reaction to yield chitosan showed a high degree of deacetylation, greater than 90% when chemical and the alkaline protease named esperase were used (Vazquez et al, 2017). Several operating variables were studied, leading to the conclusion that the optimal conditions for chitin extraction were attained using NaOH at 36.4°C and a concentration of 0.82 M for chemical treatment, although similar performance was reached deproteinizaing with alcalase at 57.5°C and pH 9.29, esperase at 59.6°C and pH 9.30 or neutrase at 49.6°C and pH 5.91.…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several operating variables were studied, leading to the conclusion that the optimal conditions for chitin extraction were attained using NaOH at 36.4°C and a concentration of 0.82 M for chemical treatment, although similar performance was reached deproteinizaing with alcalase at 57.5°C and pH 9.29, esperase at 59.6°C and pH 9.30 or neutrase at 49.6°C and pH 5.91. The reaction to yield chitosan showed a high degree of deacetylation, greater than 90% when chemical and the alkaline protease named esperase were used (Vazquez et al, 2017).…”

Section: Chitin and Chitosanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Food waste as a source of value‐added chemicals and materials: a biorefinery perspective

Esteban

Ladero

2018

Int J of Food Sci Tech

122

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Summary As the availability of fossil‐based resources declines, there is an impending necessity of finding alternative feedstock able to secure the production of fuels and chemicals. Exploitation of biomass as renewable source of chemicals is an attractive possibility, in particular the one derived from food waste (FW). Every year, large amounts of waste are generated within or at the end of the food supply chain at the consumers use stage and hence its valorisation attracts great attention. FW has proven a valuable feedstock for its exploitation to produce a wide array of intermediates and products with promising applications in industry, owing to their similar performance with respect to established products. These include organic acids and furans (generally used as platform chemicals to further products); polymers like bacterial cellulose, polyhydroxyalkanoates or chitin; biosurfactants; biolubricants; or nanoparticles. This overview covers the latest trends in chemical, enzymatic and biotechnological processes reported in literature on the production of these chemicals and materials, with a focus on the use of FW as raw material.

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Optimization of high purity chitin and chitosan production from Illex argentinus pens by a combination of enzymatic and chemical processes

Cited by 37 publications

References 43 publications

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate from Cartilage By-Products of Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus)

Isolation and Chemical Characterization of Chondroitin Sulfate from Cartilage By-Products of Blackmouth Catshark (Galeus melastomus)

Optimal Production of Protein Hydrolysates from Monkfish By-Products: Chemical Features and Associated Biological Activities

Food waste as a source of value‐added chemicals and materials: a biorefinery perspective

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