Optimization of heavy metal removal from aqueous solutions by maghemite (γ-Fe2O3) nanoparticles using response surface methodology

Removal of Hazardous Metal Ions by Newly Synthesized Polymers Bearing Thiourea Groups

“…6), the results showed an increase of the removal efficiency of Cd 2+ and Zn 2+ ions with the increase of temperature. In addition, the results also confirmed that no effect on the total removal of Cu 2+ and medium removal of Co 2+ with increase temperature of the solutions [25]. …”

Evaluation of the addition of immobilizing agents on selected physicochemical properties of soil contaminated with heavy metals

“…In the presented study, the pH value, electrical conductivity, hydrolytic acidity, and sorption properties of the soil the test plant was cultivated in were influenced by both: doses of heavy metals used to contaminate the soil and immobilizing agents applied, i.e. zeolite, diatomite, chalcedonite, dolomite, limestone, and activated carbon ( Table 2- 3). Being one of the factors that affect the form the trace elements occur in the soil environment, the pH value determines their availability to plants (Boente et al 2017).…”

“…Especially severe problem is posed by soil contamination with heavy metals as a result of their migration or accumulation in individual components of the natural environment , Yang et al 2016, Yang et al 2017). Among these heavy metals, cadmium (Cd), lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) contribute the major share of soil contamination because they are non-biodegradable and highly persistent in the soil environment (Adrees et al 2015, Ahmadi et al 2014, Cao et al 2017). The main factors that regulate the appropriate binding of heavy metals in soil include environment pH, sorption capacity, moisture content, content of organic matter with various capability of heavy metal complexation, as well as contents of iron hydroxides, manganese, aluminum, and silty fractions (Annu et al 2016).…”

Effective Removal of Cd(II) and Pb(II) from Aqueous Solution by Synthesized Palladium Nanoparticles Using Spent PdCl2 Catalyst: Experimental Design and Optimization

“…The rapid industrial growth has led to direct and indirect discharging of contaminated wastewaters with toxic heavy metals into the environment [5][6][7]. Cadmium and lead are considered as the most dangerous pollutant elements [8]. Up to now, different kinds of physical and chemical methods like ion exchange [9], adsorption [10][11][12][13], chemical precipitation [14], reverse osmosis [15] and membrane process [16] have been used to separate heavy metal ions from wastewater.…”

“…Response surface methodology (RSM) is a set of mathematical and statistical approaches used for designing, improving and optimizing processes [8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]. This method can be utilized for evaluating the effects of individual parameters, their relative significance and the interaction of two or more variables and determining the optimum conditions for desired responses [24,25].…”