Optimization of grid configuration by investigating its effect on positive plate of lead-acid batteries via numerical modeling

Multiphysics modeling of lithium-ion, lead-acid, and vanadium redox flow batteries

“…These continuum-scale studies have been established in Li-ion [9,11] and lead-acid batteries [201] due to their simple geometries. The performance of these chemistries can be improved by optimizing the current collector placement [11][12][13]49] and using thinner assemblies [80,86]. This promotes a uniform distribution of electrochemical and thermal properties, which avoids the overutilization of battery materials.…”

“…10b), which induces a nonuniform reaction current (Fig. 10c) [12,13]. Electrochemical property distributions are made uniform by using diagonal grids, placing the current collector lug in the middle (Fig.…”

“…Electrochemical property distributions are made uniform by using diagonal grids, placing the current collector lug in the middle (Fig. 10d), and tapering the grid wires [12,13].…”

“…The small number of studies about the multiphysics modeling of lead-acid batteries is in stark contrast with the vast amount of literature available about Li-ion batteries. Research on computational frameworks predate the 2010's [199,208], while modern studies are typically conducted using COMSOL Multiphysics® [12,13,205]. Minimal discrepancy between simulations and experiments is observed with discharge curves [199,201,210].…”

“…This problem is amplified in battery optimization studies, wherein the design must be improved iteratively. In other studies, inactive regions in the battery are identified to enhance the utilization of battery materials [12,13]. This requires the determination of electrochemical and thermal properties at different points inside the battery.…”