Optimization of Gold Nanoparticles Synthesis using Design of Experiments Technique

Abstract

Gold nanoparticles are considered the newest drug carriers for different diseases. Therefore it is appropriate continuous optimization of their preparation. In this study, gold colloids with an average size of 1 -26 nm were obtained by the reduction of tetrachloroauric acid with trisodium citrate. The nanomaterials were characterized by UV-Vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering technique. In addition, zeta potential was measured for samples synthesized in order to determine the stability of the colloids. A Two-level Full Factorial design was chosen to determine the optimum set of process parameters (chloroauric acid concentration and sodium citrate concentration) and their effect on various gold nanoparticles characteristics (size and zeta potential). These effects were quantified using Design of Experiments (DoE) with 5 runs and 1 centerpoint. The selected objective and process model in this investigation are screening and interaction. Findings from this research show that to obtain particles larger than 35 nm, it is recommended to increase sodium citrate concentration, at low chloroauric acid values. These conditions will help to achieve smaller zeta potential, too.

Improving Antibacterial Activity of a HtrA Protease Inhibitor JO146 against Helicobacter pylori: A Novel Approach Using Microfluidics-Engineered PLGA Nanoparticles

“…The calculated values of R 2 and Q 2 in the DoEs were all above the recommended values from the literature (R 2 > 0.75, Q 2 > 0.60) [70], indicating that the model generated in each DoE showed high accuracy in fitting the existing data and predicting future data, respectively (Table S3). In addition, the difference between R 2 and Q 2 was below 0.3, suggesting that a high R 2 value was not due to over-fitting of the data between the parameters and responses [71,72]. These results reinforce the ability of the microfluidic technology to precisely control the input parameters and therefore produce NPs with corresponding characteristics with low variability and high reproducibility.…”

Transient, Implantable, Ultrathin Biofuel Cells Enabled by Laser-Induced Graphene and Gold Nanoparticles Composite

“…The LIG/Au NPs composite is synthesized ex situ by adding chloroauric acid (HAuCl 4 ) onto the LIG electrode and then baking in the thermostatic oven at 80 °C for 20 min (Figure S5). High temperature allows Au NPs to form on the LIG surfaces due to the spontaneous reduction on HAuCl 4 . , Differing from the typical methods that require reducing agents or catalysts, − this one-step fabrication method is simpler and more suitable for those independent LIG electrodes with specific shapes on the PI substrate. Figure S6 shows optical images of the LIG and LIG/Au NPs composite electrodes, and Figures a and S7 show the SEM images of the LIG electrode and LIG/Au NPs composites (4 mm diameter) with different volumes of HAuCl 4 .…”

Role of Contrast-Enhanced Ultrasonography in Hepatocellular Carcinoma by Using LI-RADS and Ancillary Features: A Single Tertiary Centre Experience

“…Also, all 10 metastases, including 4 biopsied metastases, were adequately graded by CEUS as LR-M. Our results are in agreement with a recent meta-analysis stating that CEUS did not increase the risk of misdiagnosing other malignancies as HCC when compared to CT/MRI [ 9 ]. Even if HCC and ICC can present either as a hyperenhanced lesion or as a hypoenhanced lesion during the arterial phase, a situation that poses problems of differential diagnosis with liver metastases [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ], a peculiarity of liver metastases is the presence of an area of peripheral hyperenhancement in the arterial phase, which combined with rapid washout in the portal phase can lead to the correct diagnosis.…”