Optimization of gaseous fuel injection for saving energy consumption and improving imbalance of heat distribution in iron ore sintering

Cheng, Zhilong; Wang, Jingyu; Wei, Shangshang; Guo, Zhigang; Yang, Jian; Wang, Qiuwang

doi:10.1016/j.apenergy.2017.06.024

Cited by 49 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The system of differential equations presented by Eqs. (1)- (8) are completed with their initial and boundary conditions listed in Table 1. Ignition was realized by hot coke oven gas combustion flue gas with velocity of 4.0 m/s and temperature of 1 400 K from the ignition burner, and the duration of ignition is 90 s. Then air was sucked into the sintering bed layer with the average velocity of 0.43 m/s.…”

Section: Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…4,5) The results showed that COG injection can increase the content of calcium ferrite in sinter and improve the quality of sinter, and it has also a positive effect for energy saving. Cheng [6][7][8] studied the substitution of coke fines with charcoal combined with gas fuel injection under laboratory conditions, and the study showed that under the proper proportion of charcoal and gas fuel, the temperature field of the sinter layer can be optimized without reducing the productivity of the sintering, so as to improve the product quality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Numerical Simulation on Influence of Coke Oven Gas Injection on Iron Ore Sintering

Shao

et al. 2020

ISIJ Int.

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Coke oven gas (COG) injection is believed to improve the quality and yield of sinter in iron ore sintering process. A mathematical model is developed to simulate the sintering process with COG injection, particularly focusing on predicting the quality and yield of sinter. The model is validated by comparing the model predictions with sintering pot test data. Numerical simulations are carried out to investigate the influences of location, quantity and covering area of COG injection on the sintering process. The results show that the location of COG injection has a little influence on its effectiveness on sintering, with that the sinter yield decreases slightly with the delay of COG injection while the mean melt quantity index (MQI) and cooling rate (CR) hardly change. The quantity of COG injection has a great influence on sintering. With a typical COG injection area of 40% and injection location of 60 s after ignition, the sinter yield increases by 33.3%, the mean MQI increases by 9.5% and the mean CR decreases by 37.6% when COG injection is 0.5%. The injection area of COG has some interesting influence on its effectiveness on sintering. Under the condition of 0.5% COG injection from 60 s after ignition, with the increase of injection area, the sinter yield increases prominently first and then decrease significantly, attaining its maximum at 40% of injection area. At the same time, the mean MQI and CR attain their extrema also at 40% of injection area.

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Section: Boundary and Initial Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical Simulation on Influence of Coke Oven Gas Injection on Iron Ore Sintering

Shao

et al. 2020

ISIJ Int.

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“…Since the NO x , SO x , dust, and dioxins generated from sintering are about 50% of the total emissions of iron and steel enterprises, it is important to understand these in order to develop new energy-saving and environment-protecting sintering technologies for reducing pollution emissions. Although new technologies for reducing NO x emissions, such as biomass fuel [1], fuel gas injection [2], and flue gas recirculation [3,4], have been applied in some sintering plants, there is even greater 2 of 21 potential for investigating the mechanism of NO x production and reduction. NO x emission can be affected by fuel properties and operation conditions during the iron ore sintering process [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

Zou

2019

Energies

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A transient two-dimensional mathematical model is developed to study the influence of fuel type and operation parameters on combustion and NOx emission during the iron ore sintering process. The model was validated by comparing the model predictions with sintering pot test data. The predictions show reasonable agreement with the averaged values of the test data. In addition to the conventional sintering process, this model can also predict new processes such as flue gas recirculation, gas fuel injection, and fuel layered distribution. The simulation results show that the fuel NOx is the main part of the NOx emission during sintering, and thermal NOx forms a very little part. The produced NOx can be reduced not only by coke but also by CO around coke particles, with reduction proportions of 50% and 10%, respectively. Two types of coke A and B were compared. With Coke A as solid fuel and consumption of 3.8%, the NOx emission was 320 ppm. Increasing the replacement of Coke A with Coke B, the NOx emission was decreased, being decreased by 28.13% to 230 ppm with the replacement proportion of 50%. When only Coke B was used, the NOx emissions could be lowered by 53.13% to 150 ppm. Decreasing the particle size from 1.6 mm to 1.2 mm led the NOx emission to be increased by 10.93% from 320 ppm to 355 ppm. With Coke A as the only solid fuel, increasing the fuel ratio to 4.2% led the NOx emission to be increased by 9.38% to 350 ppm; increasing the oxygen content of inlet air from 21% to 30% led the NOx emission to be increased by 15.00% from 320 ppm to 368 ppm.

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“…Moreover, SO 2 and NOx emissions during sintering account for 60% and 50% of the overall emissions of SO 2 and NOx in steel production, respectively [1]. At present, new technologies for reducing NOx emission during sintering mainly include flue gas recirculation sintering (FGRS), selective catalytic reduction [2], biomass fuel [3][4][5][6], gas injection [7], and parameter control [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Effects of Coke Parameters and Circulating Flue Gas Characteristics on NOx Emission during Flue Gas Recirculation Sintering Process

et al. 2019

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The new process of flue gas recirculation, which reduces coke consumption and reducing NOx emissions, is now extensively used. Compared with traditional sintering, the characteristics of circulating flue gas and coke parameters significantly affect the combustion atmosphere and coke combustion efficiency. Based on the actual complex process of sintering machine, this study proposes a relatively comprehensive one-dimensional, unsteady mathematical model for flue gas recirculation research. The model encompasses NOx pollutant generation and reduction, as well as SO2 generation and adsorption. We focus on the effects of cyclic flue gas characteristics on the sintering-bed temperature and NOx emissions, which are rarely studied, and provide a theoretical basis for NOx emission reduction. Simulation results show that during sintering, the fuel NOx is reduced by 50% and 10% when passing through the surface of coke particles and CO, respectively. During flue gas recirculation sintering, the increase in circulating gas O2 content, temperature, and supply-gas volume cause increased combustion efficiency of coke, reducing atmosphere, and NOx content in the circulating area; the temperature of the material layer also increases significantly and the sintering endpoint advances. During cyclic sintering, the small coke size and increased coke content increase the char-N release rate while promoting sufficient contact of NOx with the coke surface. Consequently, the NOx reduction rate increases. Compared with the conventional sintering, the designed flue gas recirculation condition saves 3.75% of coke consumption, i.e., for 1.2 kg of solid fuel per ton of sinter, the amount of flue gas treatment is reduced by 21.64% and NOx emissions is reduced by 23.59%. Moreover, without changing the existing sintering equipment, sintering capacity increases by about 5.56%.

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Optimization of gaseous fuel injection for saving energy consumption and improving imbalance of heat distribution in iron ore sintering

Cited by 49 publications

References 27 publications

Numerical Simulation on Influence of Coke Oven Gas Injection on Iron Ore Sintering

Numerical Simulation on Influence of Coke Oven Gas Injection on Iron Ore Sintering

Effects of Fuel Type and Operation Parameters on Combustion and NOx Emission of the Iron Ore Sintering Process

The Effects of Coke Parameters and Circulating Flue Gas Characteristics on NOx Emission during Flue Gas Recirculation Sintering Process

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