Optimization of fly ash based soil stabilization using secondary admixtures for sustainable road construction

Renjith, R.K.; Robert, Dilan; Setunge, Sujeeva; Costa, Susanga; Mohajerani, Abbas

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126264

Cited by 49 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…However, the attendant negative environmental impacts associated with the production of these energy intensive binders are a present global concern. Hence, based on current developments in knowledge and research, attention is gradually shifting from an over-reliance on solely cement and lime to the utilisation of waste materials, industrial and agricultural by-products, organics, etc., in soil stabilisation [5,6].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Predictive Modelling of Soils Treated with Calcium-Based Additives Blended with Eco-Friendly Pozzolans—A Machine Learning Approach

2022

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The unconfined compressive strength (UCS) of a stabilised soil is a major mechanical parameter in understanding and developing geomechanical models, and it can be estimated directly by either lab testing of retrieved core samples or remoulded samples. However, due to the effort, high cost and time associated with these methods, there is a need to develop a new technique for predicting UCS values in real time. An artificial intelligence paradigm of machine learning (ML) using the gradient boosting (GB) technique is applied in this study to model the unconfined compressive strength of soils stabilised by cementitious additive-enriched agro-based pozzolans. Both ML regression and multinomial classification of the UCS of the stabilised mix are investigated. Rigorous sensitivity-driven diagnostic testing is also performed to validate and provide an understanding of the intricacies of the decisions made by the algorithm. Results indicate that the well-tuned and optimised GB algorithm has a very high capacity to distinguish between positive and negative UCS categories (‘firm’, ‘very stiff’ and ‘hard’). An overall accuracy of 0.920, weighted recall rates and precision scores of 0.920 and 0.938, respectively, were produced by the GB model. Multiclass prediction in this regard shows that only 12.5% of misclassified instances was achieved. When applied to a regression problem, a coefficient of determination of approximately 0.900 and a mean error of about 0.335 were obtained, thus lending further credence to the high performance of the GB algorithm used. Finally, among the eight input features utilised as independent variables, the additives seemed to exhibit the strongest influence on the ML predictive modelling.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Strength Predictive Modelling of Soils Treated with Calcium-Based Additives Blended with Eco-Friendly Pozzolans—A Machine Learning Approach

2022

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“…Zhang et al [ 46 ] developed sustainable reclaimed binders using industrial solid waste to stabilize a ground. Renjith et al [ 47 ] optimized soils with fly ash and secondary additives for sustainable road construction. Correa-Silva et al [ 48 ] studied in detail the geomechanical behavior of soft soil stabilized by alkali-activated blast furnace slags.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structural Formation of Soil Concretes Based on Loam and Fly Ash, Modified with a Stabilizing Polymer Additive

et al. 2022

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Finding new ways of recycling production waste to improve the characteristics of various building materials is an urgent scientific task. This article substantiates the possibility of the disposal of fly ash in the composition of soil concrete, which is used in the construction of the structural layers of road pavements, foundations of buildings and structures, as well as sites for various purposes. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that the structure formation of soil concretes based on loam and fly ash and modified with a stabilizing additive is being studied for the first time. It was found that the investigated fly ash, according to its hydraulic properties, is classified as latent active and can be introduced into the compositions of road soil concrete modified with additives of various resources. The effectiveness of the complex method of stabilization, due to changes in soil properties as a result of the use of the binding and stabilizing additives of polymer nature “Kriogelit”, is shown. It was found that the optimal content of binder and fly ash in the samples was 8 and 10 wt.%, respectively. It was established that the use of the stabilizing additive “Kriogelit” makes it possible to obtain soil concrete with the highest strength (compressive strength 2.5 MPa, flexural strength 0.5 MPa) and frost resistance of at least F15. The microstructure, the degree of dehydration and carbonization, and the phase composition of the initial raw mixtures and soil concretes stabilized with the addition of “Kriogelit” were studied by methods of scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, thermogravimetry, and infrared spectroscopy. It was shown that organo-mineral complexes, with the participation of polymer and montmorillonite, are formed in stabilized soil concrete. It was revealed that structure formation is accompanied by the physical adsorption of the polymer on active centers of silicate minerals, carbonization, and hydration–dehydration processes. It was found that the reason for the increase in the strength of stabilized soil concretes is the hydrophobization of the porous structure of minerals, as well as the formation of calcium oxide silicate and dicalcium hydrated silicate. By the method of performing biotests with the test objects Daphnia magna Straus and Chlorella vulgaris Beijer, it was proven that the developed road concretes modified with the stabilizing additive “Kriogelit” do not have an acute toxic effect on the test objects and are safe for the environment and human health.

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“…The bulk of fly ash particles have a diameter of less than 45 microns and are typically spherical, with diameters ranging from less than 1 micron to 150 microns. It is widely being used for stabilizing soils with various compounds like fly ash with lime [1,7] and fly ash waste mitigation [8] now a days, also used along with some chemical agents like calcium carbide residue [13] and even much greatly for replacing the cement content in concretes [9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative analysis of strength and deformation characteristics of clayey soil, when treated with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag

Bharath¹,

Padavala²,

Kumar³

et al. 2022

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Clayey soils swell on absorbing water and shrinks on drying, any constructions built on them are subjected to the differential settlements due to the loss of support from soil. Stabilization of clays with various additives have considerable successes. Lime, cement, CaCl2, fly ash (FA), ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), pond ash and other chemical reagents have been effective in stabilizing expansive soils and improving their characteristics like strength. This paper presents the comparison for strength and compressibility characteristics of clays when treated with FA and GGBS. In this investigation, FA content of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and GGBS of 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% were been used with the soil. The strength was observed to be high at 20% of FA & 20% of GGBS when compared with normal clayey soil. The time required for 90% consolidation and compression index were considerably reduced for both FA and GGBS at addition of 20% to soil.

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Optimization of fly ash based soil stabilization using secondary admixtures for sustainable road construction

Cited by 49 publications

References 37 publications

Strength Predictive Modelling of Soils Treated with Calcium-Based Additives Blended with Eco-Friendly Pozzolans—A Machine Learning Approach

Strength Predictive Modelling of Soils Treated with Calcium-Based Additives Blended with Eco-Friendly Pozzolans—A Machine Learning Approach

Structural Formation of Soil Concretes Based on Loam and Fly Ash, Modified with a Stabilizing Polymer Additive

Comparative analysis of strength and deformation characteristics of clayey soil, when treated with fly ash and ground granulated blast furnace slag

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