Optimization of Fecal Calprotectin Assay for Pig Samples

Bogere, Paul; Choi, Yong‐Keel; Heo, Jae-Young

doi:10.14397/jals.2019.53.1.93

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Fecal calprotectin concentration has been shown to be correlated with the number of neutrophils released in the intestinal lumen during inflammation, which in humans can be associated with the severity of inflammation [ 19 ]. Previous studies investigating calprotectin levels in the feces of healthy pigs suggested it may play a role in intestinal homeostasis [ 26 ]. Lallès et al [ 27 ] observed that the average fecal calprotectin concentration from sow samples (13 ± 38 mg/kg of feces) was close to the range described in healthy human adults (range 2–47 mg/kg), but the concentrations found from piglet samples at birth were lower (24 ± 60 mg/kg) than human newborns (145 ± 78.5 mg/kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Experimental infectious challenge in pigs leads to elevated fecal calprotectin levels following colitis, but not enteritis

et al. 2021

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Background Fecal calprotectin is largely applied as a non-invasive intestinal inflammation biomarker in human medicine. Previous studies in pigs investigated the levels of fecal calprotectin in healthy animals only. Thus, there is a knowledge gap regarding its application during infectious diarrhea. This study investigated the usefulness of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. Results Fecal samples from pigs with colitis (n = 18) were collected from animals experimentally inoculated with B. hyodysenteriae (n = 8) or from sham-inoculated controls (n = 3). Fecal samples from pigs with enteritis (n = 14) were collected from animals inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (n = 8) or from sham-inoculated controls (n = 4). For both groups, fecal samples were scored as: 0 = normal; 1 = soft, wet cement; 2 = watery feces; 3 = mucoid diarrhea; and 4 = bloody diarrhea. Fecal calprotectin levels were assayed using a sandwich ELISA, a turbidimetric immunoassay and a point-of-care dipstick test. Fecal calprotectin levels were greater in colitis samples scoring 4 versus ≤ 4 using ELISA, and in feces scoring 3 and 4 versus ≤ 1 using immunoturbidimetry (P < 0.05). No differences were found in calprotectin concentration among fecal scores for enteritis samples, regardless of the assay used. All samples were found below detection limits using the dipstick method. Conclusions Fecal calprotectin levels are increased following the development of colitis, but do not significantly change due to enteritis. While practical, the use of commercially available human kits present sensitivity limitations. Further studies are needed to validate the field application of calprotectin as a marker of intestinal inflammation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Studies focused on swine have investigated calprotectin levels in the feces of healthy animals only, suggesting it may be involved in intestinal homeostasis [ 26 , 27 ]. However, there are no reports on the use of calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in disease-challenged pigs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental infectious challenge in pigs leads to elevated fecal calprotectin levels following colitis, but not enteritis

et al. 2021

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“…These reports are consistent with our ndings that different assays resulted in different values for fecal calprotectin. It is worth mentioning that the kits evaluated in this study used monoclonal antibodies speci c for human calprotectin, therefore, the low calprotectin levels found by ELISA may be due to the lack of cross reactivity with swine calprotectin, as previously reported [26]. While we understand the limitation of this approach, commercial kits for fecal calprotectin detection are only available for humans.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Fecal calprotectin concentration has been shown to be correlated with the number of neutrophils released in the intestinal lumen during in ammation, which in turn can be associated with the severity of in ammation [19]. Previous studies focused on swine have investigated calprotectin levels in the feces of healthy pigs, suggesting it may play a role in intestinal homeostasis [26]. Lallès et al [27] observed that the average fecal calprotectin concentration in sows (13 ± 38 mg/kg of feces) was close to the ranges of healthy adult humans (range 2-47 mg/kg), but the concentrations found for piglets at birth were very low (24 ± 60 mg/kg) compared with adult newborns (145 ± 78.5 mg/kg).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of Human Fecal Calprotectin Detection Kits and Their Potential use as Non-Invasive Intestinal Biomarker of Infectious Enterocolitis in Pigs

Barbosa

Rodrigues

Columbus

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Background: Fecal calprotectin is largely applied as a non-invasive intestinal inflammation biomarker in human medicine. Previous studies in pigs investigated the levels of fecal calprotectin in healthy animals only. Thus, there is a knowledge gap regarding its application during infectious diarrhea. This study investigated the usefulness of fecal calprotectin as a biomarker of intestinal inflammation in Brachyspira hyodysenteriae and Salmonella Typhimurium infected pigs. Results: Fecal samples from pigs with colitis (n=18) were collected from animals experimentally inoculated with B. hyodysenteriae G44 or from sham-inoculated controls. Fecal samples from pigs with enteritis (n=14) were collected from animals inoculated with Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium or from sham-inoculated controls. For both groups, fecal samples were scored as: 0 = normal; 1 = soft, wet cement; 2 = watery feces; 3 = mucoid diarrhea; and 4 = bloody diarrhea. Fecal calprotectin levels were assayed using a sandwich ELISA, a turbidimetric immunoassay and a point-of-care dipstick test. Fecal calprotectin levels were greater in colitis samples scoring 4 versus ≤ 4 using ELISA, and in feces scoring 3 and 4 versus ≤ 1 using immunoturbidimetry (P < 0.05). No differences were found in calprotectin concentration among fecal scores for enteritis samples, regardless of the assay used. All samples were found below detection limits using the dipstick method.Conclusions: Fecal calprotectin is a potential non-invasive biomarker of infectious colitis, but it is not suitable for detection of enteritis. While practical, the use of commercially available human presents sensitivity limitations. Further studies are needed to validate the field application of calprotectin as a marker.

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Citrullinemia is a suitable biomarker for post weaning performance in piglets under intensive farming

Soraci

Decundo

Dieguez

et al. 2023

javma

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OBJECTIVE To describe citrullinemia profiles during the weaning transition and correlate citrulline production with stress and growth in a commercial pig farm. ANIMALS 240 healthy piglets of homogenous weight, weaned from second and third parity sows, were selected at weaning and subjected to the farm’s routine management practices in May to July 2020 and May to July 2021. PROCEDURES Piglets were weighed at weaning, then 15 and 49 days later in order to calculate daily weight gain during the first 15 and 49 days after weaning. Blood samples were collected from each piglet to determine citrulline and cortisol profiles during the early postweaning period. RESULTS Citrullinemia decreased dramatically during the first week postweaning and then increased progressively to reach preweaning values by 15 days postweaning. Citrulline production during the first 2 weeks postweaning was negatively correlated with cortisol production (r: –0.2949) and positively correlated with mean daily weight gain during the first 15 (ρ: 0.5450) and 49 (ρ: 0.6603) days postweaning. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Citrullinemia profile of piglets during the early postweaning period showed a temporal negative impact of stress (assessed by plasmatic cortisol levels) on intestinal enterocytes’ mass and function, which resulted in a lower average daily weight gain. We demonstrated that a single biomarker, plasmatic citrulline, is useful to describe intestinal metabolism during the early postweaning period and that the greater the citrulline production during the first days after weaning, the higher the weight gain during the entire postweaning period.

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Optimization of Fecal Calprotectin Assay for Pig Samples

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Experimental infectious challenge in pigs leads to elevated fecal calprotectin levels following colitis, but not enteritis

Experimental infectious challenge in pigs leads to elevated fecal calprotectin levels following colitis, but not enteritis

Evaluation of Human Fecal Calprotectin Detection Kits and Their Potential use as Non-Invasive Intestinal Biomarker of Infectious Enterocolitis in Pigs

Citrullinemia is a suitable biomarker for post weaning performance in piglets under intensive farming

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