Optimization of Extraction Process and Dynamic Changes in Triterpenoids of Lactuca indica from Different Medicinal Parts and Growth Periods

Abstract

In this study, the triterpenoids in the leaves of Lactuca indica L.cv. Mengzao (LIM) were extracted via microwave-assisted ethanol extraction, and the optimum extraction conditions for triterpenoids were determined through single-factor experiments and the Box–Behnken method. The effects of three factors (solid–liquid ratio, microwave power and extraction time) on the total triterpenoids content (TTC) were evaluated. The TTC of different parts (roots, stems, leaves and flowers) of LIM in different growth stages was studied, and the scavenging effects of the highest TTC parts on DPPH, ABTS and hydroxyl free radicals were investigated. The results showed that the optimum extraction conditions for microwave-assisted extraction of total triterpenoids from LIM leaves were as follows: solid–liquid ratio of 1:20 g/mL; microwave power of 400 W; and extraction time of 60 min. Under these conditions, the TTC was 29.17 mg/g. Compared with the fresh raw materials, the TTC of the materials increased after freeze drying. The leaves of LIM had the highest TTC, and the flowering stage was the best time. The triterpenoids from the leaves had a strong ability to eliminate DPPH and ABTS free radicals, and the elimination effect of dried leaves was better than that of fresh leaves, while the elimination effect of hydroxyl free radicals was not obvious. The tested method was used to extract total triterpenoids from LIM using a simple process at low cost, which provides a reference for developing intensive processing methods for L. indica.

Optimization of the Extraction Process and Biological Activities of Triterpenoids of Schisandra sphenanthera from Different Medicinal Parts and Growth Stages

“…The content of total triterpenoids was higher in the leaves than in the stems at different stages, which was consistent with Allium ursinum and Lactuca indica [35,36]. As the main organ for the transportation of nutrients, the canes provide a pathway for the synthesis and transportation of total triterpenoids, so the content of total triterpenoids is low.…”

“…The antioxidant capacity of triterpenoids is mainly related to the number and position of the hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain; C-9 and C-14 form a seven-membered carbocyclic core and have structures such as lactones [39,42,43]. In this study, the antioxidant capacity of the total triterpenoids in leaves was stronger than that in the canes, which may be due to the different types and contents of triterpenoid monomers, leading to differences in antioxidant capacity [35,36]. Studies have shown that the total triterpenoids of S. chinensis had a good therapeutic effect on oxidative cell damage induced by hydrogen peroxide, but their antioxidant capacity was weaker than that of lignans and stronger than that of polysaccharides [44,45].…”

“…In recent years, antioxidant compounds have been widely used in nutraceutical and pharmaceutical fields because of their resistance to free radical damage. Therefore, the antioxidant properties of the active ingredients of TCM provide an insight into their potential [36,38,39]. Among them, triterpenoids have been shown to have significant antioxidant properties [40], and the free radical scavenging capacity of DPPH, O 2 − •, and •OH radicals are commonly used to assess the antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants [36,38,41].…”

“…Therefore, the antioxidant properties of the active ingredients of TCM provide an insight into their potential [36,38,39]. Among them, triterpenoids have been shown to have significant antioxidant properties [40], and the free radical scavenging capacity of DPPH, O 2 − •, and •OH radicals are commonly used to assess the antioxidant capacity of medicinal plants [36,38,41]. The antioxidant capacity of triterpenoids is mainly related to the number and position of the hydroxyl groups on the carbon chain; C-9 and C-14 form a seven-membered carbocyclic core and have structures such as lactones [39,42,43].…”

Optimization of the pulsed vacuum drying process of green walnut husk through temperature adaptive regulation

“…The total flavonoid content (TFC), total terpenoid content (TTC), total phenolic content (TPC), and quinone content (QC) in GWH were determined by the NaNO 2 -Al(NO 2 ) 3 method (Tu et al, 2018), vanillin-Glacial acetic acid method (Hao et al, 2023), Folinol colorimetric method (Xiang et al, 2019), and spectrophotometric method (Qin et al, 2022), respectively, with minor modifications. Rutin, oleanolic acid, gallic acid, and quinone were used as standards, separately, and the absorbance was measured at their maximum absorption wavelengths.…”