Optimization of Epoxidation Palm-Based Oleic Acid to Produce Polyols

Abstract

Optimization of epoxidation by using response surface methodology (RSM) based on three-level three-factorial central composite design (CCD) was used. Response percentage of relative oxirane content (%RCO) was studied to determine the optimum reaction condition for production of polyols. The predicted value of model (85 %) was excellent in accordance to experimental value (81 %). All parameters (temperature, molar ratio of formic acid to oleic acid and molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to oleic acid) were significant in influencing the course of epoxidation reaction (p < 0.05). The interaction between all parameters is also highly significant with p < 0.0001. Optimum reaction conditions obtained from RSM were as follows: the temperature 318 K, molar ratio of formic acid to oleic acid 1.64:1 and molar ratio of hydrogen peroxide to oleic acid 2:1. The epoxidation of palm oleic acid was carried out by using in situ performic acid. FTIR analysis showed the formation of epoxy functional groups at optimum reaction condition at the wavelength of 1340 cm-1. This epoxide group was used to produce polyols by using hydroxylation process and the polyols functional group was detected at the wavelength of 816 cm-1

A Novel Approach for Sunflower Oil Based Polyol Production by Ring Opening of Epoxidized Linoleic Acid

“…Hydroxylation commonly occurs by the addition of alcohol into the epoxidized oleic acid, such as using methanol, butanol, and iso propanol. 10 Hydroxylation can be divided into two processes; alcoholysis and hydrolysis. 11 Alcoholysis is the most used process, but this study applies hydrolysis since it is cheaper, uses fewer chemicals, and has a high hydroxyl value.…”

Catalytic epoxidation of palm oleic acid by heterogeneous catalysts: Optimization and kinetic model

“…5 Peracid is formed when carboxylic acid reacts with hydrogen peroxide, where carboxylic acid functions as an oxygen carrier and hydrogen peroxide function as the oxygen donor in the epoxidation process. 6 The catalyst used in this study is titanium dioxide (TiO₂). It is a heterogeneous catalyst that is easy to separate by filtering the product and can be recovered again in the manufacturing process.…”

“…A common method used to perform epoxidation is by reacting the fatty acids hydrocarbon double‐bond chain with peroxy acids, also called peracids 5 . Peracid is formed when carboxylic acid reacts with hydrogen peroxide, where carboxylic acid functions as an oxygen carrier and hydrogen peroxide function as the oxygen donor in the epoxidation process 6 . The catalyst used in this study is titanium dioxide (TiO₂).…”