Optimization of Electroactive Hydrogel Actuators

O’Grady, Megan; Kuo, P. C.; Parker, Kevin Kit

doi:10.1021/am900755w

Cited by 73 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…Electro-diffusion, electro-osmotic transport of ionic species and water molecules caused the deformation of hydrogels under electric field. The bending of hydrogels has been studied mostly for production of artificial muscles (prepared from an acrylic acid/acrylamide, polypyrrole composite), valves, switches, soft actuators and chemomechanical valve based on poly (ethylene glycol-co-methacrylic acid) hydrogels response to pulses of an electric current [17][18][19][20][21]. The contractile/shrinking behaviour of hydrogels under electric field was mainly investigated for potential applications in controlled drug release [22].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Saikia¹,

Aggarwal

Mandal

2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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Hydrogels composed of poly (ethylene glycol) (PEG)/poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) exhibited electro-responsive behaviour. The swelling properties of hydrogels were influenced by the content of negatively charged ionic groups inside the network structure, cross-linking density, electric field intensity and electrolyte solution. The swelling ratio (SR) increased from 92.4 to 188.08, and normalized swelling ratio (NSR) increased from 2.88 to 3.62 depending on 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulphonic acid (AMPS) concentration under electric field intensity 429 V/m. The swelling process of hydrogels in deionized water followed non-Fickian diffusion in the absence of electric field and Super Case II transport model in presence of electric field. The methylene blue (MB) was used as a model drug, and the influence of various factors like loading percent of MB, AMPS concentration in hydrogels, pH of the release medium and applied electric field was investigated on the release profiles of the MB. The release study showed that the interaction between hydrogels and MB, pH of the medium and electric field are the parameters that affect the releasing behaviour of methylene blue. The partition coefficient (K d ) of MB in hydrogels increased with increasing AMPS content in the hydrogels. The application of external electric field has increased the time response of swell and release of methylene blue through hydrogels.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Saikia¹,

Aggarwal

Mandal

2015

Colloid Polym Sci

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“…There have been several reports of similar or better electro-responsivites in micro-scale gels [6] and when characterizing responsivity based on hydrogel bending. [17,18,19] However, when comparing to gels of a similar size that experienced large-scale, voltage-dependent volumetric collapse, optimized cryogels were 40 [7] to 2000 [5] fold more electro-responsive. The performance of micro-scale gels could likely also be dramatically improved with the approach taken here.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and Extensive Collapse from Electrically Responsive Macroporous Hydrogels

Kennedy

Bencherif

Norton

et al. 2013

Adv Healthcare Materials

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“…O'Grady et al 19 optimised the well known poly(sodium acrylate) electroresponsive gel by means of emulsion templating polymerisation. In this approach, hexane droplets were incorporated into the polymerisation mixture and were removed after the material gelled.…”

Section: Polymers Responsive To Electrochemical Stimulusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Materials science: the key to revolutionary breakthroughs in micro-fluidic devices

et al. 2011

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Nowadays, precise flow control, provision of exact reagent amounts, contamination prevention between reagents, autonomy, disposability and low-cost manufacture are factors that can not be found together for micro-fluidic valves.Valves made using photo-responsive materials are of great interest as functional materials within micro-fluidic systems since actuation can be controlled by simple light irradiation, without physical contact, offering improvements in versatility during manifold fabrication, and control of actuation. Nevertheless, their poor versatility, slow response times and limited robustness render them currently as scientific curiosities rather than ideally functioning devices.[1]The incorporation of photo-responsive gels with ionic liquids (ILs) produces hybrid ionogels with many advantages over conventional materials. For example, through the tailoring of chemical and physical properties of ILs, robustness, acid/ base character, viscosity and other critical operational characteristics can be finely adjusted.Therefore, the characteristics of the ionogels can be tuned by simply changing the IL and so the actuation behaviour of micro-valves made from these novel materials can be more closely controlled. [2] We have investigated the potential use of spiropyran-modified ionogels for controlling fluid within micro-fluidic channels. This remote ability could greatly simplify specific device design and cost. We have effectively incorporated ionic liquids into hydrogels to attain specific material contraction performance.[3] An advantage of using ionic liquids is the plethora of synthetic and material design options that can be used to design devices optimized for certain performance parameters or behaviours.

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Optimization of Electroactive Hydrogel Actuators

Cited by 73 publications

References 18 publications

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Electrically induced swelling and methylene blue release behaviour of poly (N-isopropylacrylamide-co-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl sulphonic acid) hydrogels

Rapid and Extensive Collapse from Electrically Responsive Macroporous Hydrogels

Materials science: the key to revolutionary breakthroughs in micro-fluidic devices

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