Optimization of dry reforming of methane over Ni/YSZ anodes for solid oxide fuel cells

Guerra, Cosimo; Lanzini, Andrea; Leone, Pierluigi; Santarelli, Massimo; Brandon, Nigel P.

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.06.088

Cited by 54 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 69 publications

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“…ii. Although the best cell output characteristics (power density) are obtained at around equimolar biogas composition (CH 4 /CO 2 ∼1), it is also the case that even poor (low CH 4 content) biogas is suitable feed for stable and productive fuel cell operation (Yentekakis et al, 2008;Guerra et al, 2013Guerra et al, , 2014. iii.…”

Section: Advanced Biogas Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Yentekakis

Goula

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Biogas is widely available as a product of anaerobic digestion of urban, industrial, animal and agricultural wastes. Its indigenous local-base production offers the promise of a dispersed renewable energy source that can significantly contribute to regional economic growth. Biogas composition typically consists of 35-75% methane, 25-65% carbon dioxide, 1-5% hydrogen along with minor quantities of water vapor, ammonia, hydrogen sulfide and halides. Current utilization for heating and lighting is inefficient and polluting, and, in the case of poor quality biogas (CH 4 /CO 2 < 1), exacerbated by detrimental venting to the atmosphere. Accordingly, innovative and efficient strategies for improving the management and utilization of biogas for the production of sustainable electrical power or high added-value chemicals are highly desirable. Utilization is the focus of the present review in which the scientific and technological basis underlying alternative routes to the efficient and eco-friendly exploitation of biogas are described and discussed. After concisely reviewing state-of-the-art purification and upgrading methods, in-depth consideration is given to the exploitation of biogas in the renewable energy, liquid fuels, transport and chemicals sectors along with an account of potential impediments to further progress.Keywords: biogas, upgrading, purification, utilization, SOFC, ethylene, reforming, siloxanes BIOGAS Efficient management of ever-increasing amounts of municipal, industrial and agricultural wastes in order to minimize their environmental impact is an urgent necessity. Biological treatment of wastes, which can be carried out either aerobically or anaerobically, is widely applied in this area. Due to their several advantages the anaerobic processes are to be preferred because they require considerably smaller installations, produce less sludge, operate at lower temperatures and are suited to periodic operation. Much more importantly, they generate biogas, which is an attractive potential source of renewable energy and/or added-value chemicals due to its high content of methane and CO 2 . Anaerobic digestion (AD) can proceed over a wide temperature range, from phychrophilic (ca. 10-20 • C) and mesophilic (ca. 20-45 • C) up to thermophilic (ca. 45-65 • C) and hyperthermophilic (ca. ∼70 • C) levels, by means of cooperation between anaerobes and facultative anaerobe microorganisms, which successively promote a sequence of hydrolysis-acidogenesis,

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Section: Advanced Biogas Utilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Yentekakis

Goula

2017

Front. Environ. Sci.

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“…2 Because of the high level of carbon dioxide, it can only be utilised at low conversion efficiency levels in the conventional power generation system. 5,[7][8][9][10] In addition, the direct heat exchange between the endothermic internal reforming reactions and the exothermic electrochemical reactions in the fuel cells increases the total system efficiency. [3][4][5] Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) are a new technology for converting the chemical energy of hydrocarbon or biogas into electricity with high efficiency and fuel exibility.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Highly efficient, coking-resistant SOFCs for energy conversion using biogas fuels

Jiang

Connor

et al. 2015

J. Mater. Chem. A

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Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) afford an opportunity for the direct electrochemical conversion of biogas with high efficiency; however, direct utilisation of biogas in nickel-based SOFCs is a challenge as it is subject to carbon deposition. A biogas composition representative of a real operating system of 36% CH 4 , 36% CO 2 , 20% H 2 O, 4% H 2 and 4% CO used here was derived from an anode recirculation method. A BaZr 0.1 Ce 0.7 Y 0.1 Yb 0.1 O 3Àd (BCZYYb) infiltrated Ni-YSZ anode was investigated for biogas conversion. The infiltration of BCZYYb significantly promoted the electrochemical reactions and the cells exhibited high power output at the operational temperatures of 850, 800 and 750 C. At 800 C, supplied with a 20 ml min À1 biogas, the cell with a BCZYYb-Ni-YSZ anode, generated 1.69 A cm À2 at 0.8 V with an optimal amount of 0.6 wt% BCZYYb, whereas only 0.65 A cm À2 was produced with a non-infiltrated Ni-YSZ in the same conditions. At 750 C, a maximum power density of 1.43 W cm À2 was achieved on a cell with a BCZYYb-Ni-YSZ anode, a 3 mm dense YSZ film electrolyte, a Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2 (GDC) buffer layer and a La 0.6 Sr 0.4 Co 0.2 Fe 0.8 O 3 -Gd 0.1 Ce 0.9 O 2 (LSCF-GDC) composite cathode. The cell remained stable, while operating at 0.8 V for 50 hours with a current density of 1.25 A cm À2 . A well-designed cell structure and selected components made it possible to obtain excellent performance at good fuel utilisation. The analysis of gases in open-circuit conditions or under various current loads suggested that the prevalent reaction was reforming of methane without coking. This study demonstrates that the BCZYYb-Ni-YSZ is a promising electrode for carbon-containing fuel.Depending on the reaction conditions, the equilibrium for the water-gas shi can be pushed in either direction. In fuel cell systems, the dominant reactions will be dependent on the gas 133 4463808; Tel: +44 (0) 133 4463817 † Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See

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“…• C and 500 • C show the presence of water (masses [17][18][19][20][21] Figure 3 is not calibrated). In "wet" H 2 (11 torr H 2 O), the mass 32 and mass 34 signals drop steeply between 300…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mass Spectrometry of SOFC Fuel Mixtures Containing Phosphine

Finklea

Zhang

Jony

et al. 2015

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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Phosphine (PH 3 ) is present at ppm concentrations in coal syngas, a potential fuel source for solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs). A mass spectrometer is used to monitor fuel mixtures of hydrogen and phosphine after exposure to two environments. In the first environment, the gas mixtures are passed through a heated zone in a tube furnace. In the second environment, the gas mixtures are passed across the anodes of operating SOFCs, both electrolyte-and anode-supported. Phosphine appears to react with residual oxygen in dry hydrogen at intermediate temperatures (400-600 • C) but is stable above 600 • C. Phosphine reacts with water in wet hydrogen mixtures and with a Ni/YSZ anode at temperatures above 400 • C. Evidence is presented for deposition of non-volatile contaminants following prolonged phosphine exposure. The contaminants react with dry hydrogen to generate PH 3 at 800 • C. Mass spectra of the anode exhaust of an electrolyte-supported SOFC show that a few torr of water, either present initially or electrochemically generated by fuel oxidation, is sufficient to suppress the phosphine signal. At all gas compositions and currents, no new mass signals were detected in the mass range of 45-100, suggesting that HPO, HPO 2 and HPO 3 are not products of phosphine reaction or electrochemical oxidation.

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Optimization of dry reforming of methane over Ni/YSZ anodes for solid oxide fuel cells

Cited by 54 publications

References 69 publications

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Biogas Management: Advanced Utilization for Production of Renewable Energy and Added-value Chemicals

Highly efficient, coking-resistant SOFCs for energy conversion using biogas fuels

Mass Spectrometry of SOFC Fuel Mixtures Containing Phosphine

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