Optimization of dialyzer design to maximize solute removal with a two-dimensional transport model

Donato, Danilo Barros; Boschetti‐de‐Fierro, Adriana; Zweigart, Carina; Kolb, M.; Eloot, Sunny; Storr, Markus; Krause, Bernd; Leypoldt, Ken; Segers, Patrick

doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2017.07.018

Cited by 26 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…A good agreement was found between the model-predicted and Islam et al in-silico results [22]. The trend of increase in clearance with dialysate flow is also validated by comparing with the Revaclear Max dialyzer experimental (reported in Bhimani et al [25]) and Donato et al in-silico results [21]. The difference between Revaclear Max and model-predicted data is due to the lack of a comprehensive dataset of module parameter values needed for model predictions.…”

Section: Effect Of Operating Conditions On Clearance Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 60%

“…The velocity profiles on both the blood and dialysate side are portrayed with the Navier-Stokes equations [18]. Steady-state, isothermal conditions (T = 37 • C) and laminar flow prevail on both blood and dialysate side with high dilution of solutes [20,21]. It is assumed that the viscosity of both blood and dialysate does not change with applied share.…”

Section: Governing Equations-blood Side (I = B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…C s,B and C s,D are the concentration of solute s in the blood and dialysate compartment. Considering the boundary layers on each side of the membrane the interfacial resistances can be taken in series as: [21]. For annulus, the hydraulic diameter was used for the calculation of the Reynold number.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

et al. 2020

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There is an enormous need in the health welfare sector to manufacture inexpensive dialyzer membranes with minimum dialysis duration. In order to optimize the dialysis cost and time, an in-depth analysis of the effect of dialyzer design and process parameters on toxins (ranging from tiny to large size molecules) clearance rate is required. Mathematical analysis and enhanced computational power of computers can translate the transport phenomena occurring inside the dialyzer while minimizing the development cost. In this paper, the steady-state mass transport in blood and dialysate compartment and across the membrane is investigated with convection-diffusion equations and tortuous pore diffusion model (TPDM), respectively. The two-dimensional, axisymmetric CFD model was simulated by using a solver based on the finite element method (COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4). The effect of design and process parameters is analyzed by solving model equations for varying values of design and process parameters. It is found that by introducing tortuosity in the pore diffusion model, the clearance rate of small size molecules increases, but the clearance rate of large size molecules is reduced. When the fiber aspect ratio (db/L) varies from 900 to 2300, the clearance rate increases 37.71% of its initial value. The results also show that when the pore diameter increases from 10 nm to 20 nm, the clearance rate of urea and glucose also increases by 2.09% and 7.93%, respectively, with tolerated transport of albumin molecules.

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Section: Effect Of Operating Conditions On Clearance Efficiencysupporting

confidence: 60%

Section: Governing Equations-blood Side (I = B)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

et al. 2020

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“…Accordingly, alterations in the diameter and length of the hollow fibres and in membrane hydraulic permeability significantly affect the rate of internal filtration [ 44–46 ]. The effect of capillary internal diameter on the rate of internal filtration and the clearance of complement factor D (24 kDa) as an indicator of middle molecule removal is shown in Figure 2 [ 47 ].…”

Section: Approaches To the Development Of New Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… Effect of (A) fibre inner diameter on internal filtration rate and (B) clearance of complement factor D (24 kDa) at different blood flow rates studied computationally by employing a two-dimensional transport model [ 47 ] [net ultrafiltration: 0 mL/min; dialysate flow rate: 500 mL/min (blue lines), 800 mL/min (red lines); effective fibre length: 23.6 cm; membrane surface area: 1.7 m 2 ; fibre packing density: 56.1%; ultrafiltration coefficient: 48 mL/h/mmHg; sieving coefficient for complement factor D: 0.52]. …”

Section: Approaches To the Development Of New Membranesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Membrane innovation: closer to native kidneys

Storr

Ward²

2018

Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation

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Modern methods in analytical biochemistry have established that uraemia is associated with the retention of proteins, both in their native state and post-translationally modified, over a wide range of molecular weights up to 60 kDa. Evidence is accumulating that these higher molecular weight retention solutes are important uraemic toxins, and therapies such as online haemodiafiltration (HDF), which enhance their removal, are associated with improved outcomes. However, HDF has limitations regarding cost, clinical implementation and the need for an external source of sterile substitution solution to maintain fluid balance. New membranes that have a solute removal profile more closely approaching that of the glomerular filtration barrier when used for conventional haemodialysis, while at the same time not allowing the passage of clinically significant amounts of beneficial proteins, are needed to address these limitations. Tighter control of the molecular characteristics of the polymers used for membrane fabrication, along with the introduction of additives and improvements in the manufacturing process, has led to membranes with a tighter pore size distribution that allows the use of an increased absolute pore size without leaking substantial amounts of albumin. At the same time, the wall thickness and internal diameter of membrane fibres have been decreased, enhancing convective transport within the dialyser without the need for an external source of substitution solution. These new expanded range membranes provide a solute removal profile more like that of the native kidney than currently available membranes when used in conventional haemodialysis.

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Introduction

Raff¹

2021

Mass Transfer Models in Membrane Processes

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Optimization of dialyzer design to maximize solute removal with a two-dimensional transport model

Cited by 26 publications

References 23 publications

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) Modeling and Simulation of Flow Regulatory Mechanism in Artificial Kidney Using Finite Element Method

Membrane innovation: closer to native kidneys

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