Optimization of d-limonene Extraction from Tangerine Peel in Various Solvents by Using Soxhlet Extractor

Abstract

D-limonene included in citrus fruits is obtainable to extract essential oil as well as separate the oil ingredient. Soxhlet extraction, a type of SDE (Simultaneous steam Distillation and solvent Extraction), was used to extract limonene from tangerine peel. HPLC analysis was performed to quantify extracted d-limonene by using reversed-phase HPLC column. Results of HPLC analysis showed that the optimal extraction time was 2 hours in any solvent, and the extracted amounts of d-limonene in tangerine peel (per g tangerine peel) were 7.77 mg, 0.49 mg, and 0.28 mg in ethyl alcohol, nhexane, and ether. Because yield was the highest in using ethyl alcohol as a solvent, polarity is stronger factor to effect on yield of extraction than boiling point.

GC/MS analysis, antimicrobial and Antioxidant Effect of Ethanol Garlic Extract

“…Ethanol is known to be an effective solvent for the extraction of both hydrophobic and hydrophilic materials of plants [18]. The recovery rates of the water extract and 25, 50, and 75% ethanol extracts were not significantly different (all 19-22%).…”

“…1). These substances are produced by the degradation of alline [10,12] and have been reported to have beneficial effects, such as antioxidant and anticancer activities [19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. The highest content (11.56%) of allyl trisulfide was found in the water extract and the lowest content (2.73%) was found in the 100% ethanol garlic extract.…”

“…Table 3. Common phytocomponents identified in extracts of garlic (Allium sativum) Name of compound Activities Reference Allyl trisulfide Anti-cancer effects, platelet aggregation, blood pressure reduction, antioxidant, [19][20][21][22] cholesterol lowering, papain inactivation, detoxification, glutathione transferase activity 1,3-Dihydroxyacetone dimer…”

Bio-Insecticidal Potential of Tangerine Peel Oil Against Greenhouse Whitefly: A Green Biopesticide Candidate

“…The extraction of essential oils and d-limonene from citrus peels has been done with different yields using different methods and techniques. Hydro-distillation by stripping with steam [72], the use of the Soxhlet apparatus and organic solvents such as petroleum ether, n-hexane, and ethyl alcohol [64,73], the use of supercritical fluid of CO2 [74], as well as extractions assisted by microwaves [75] and ultrasound [76].…”

“…The extracts were obtained in a 250 ml Soxhlet apparatus, where 50 g of tangerine peel was added, and petroleum ether or n-hexane was used as the solvent, similar to that reported elsewhere [64]. Approximately 4 hours after the start of the extraction, it was considered finished.…”