Optimization of conversion of Pongamia pinnata oil with high FFA to biodiesel using novel deep eutectic solvent

Kadapure, Santosh Ashok; Kiran, A.V.N.S.; Anant, J; Dayanand, N; P, Rahul; K, Poonam

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2017.10.018

Cited by 22 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…39−42 These solvents have also been used in (trans)esterification reactions as sole catalysts or in combination with hydroxides. 25,26,28,43,44 As shown in the previous section, the pH seems to affect EA synthesis. This is again evident here since the only DES solutions that produced EA, i.e., DES1/NH 4 OH and DES2/ NH 4 OH mixtures, were the ones with alkaline pH as opposed to the ones with acidic pH (DES3−5/NH 4 OH).…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…The DES used was selected based on the literature where it was used in esterification and transesterification reactions. ,, The selected DES were: ChCl/glycerol 1:2 (DES1), ChCl/urea 1:2 (DES2), ChCl:p-TSA 1:3 (DES3), ChCl/acetic acid 1:2 (DES4), and ChCl/oxalic acid 1:2 (DES5). DES was used in 5, 10, and 20 (w/v) % concentrations and was diluted by either water (DES/water) or 1% NH 4 OH (DES/NH 4 OH).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The initial protocol for synthesis of EA in NH 4 OH with aeration (circulating air above or through the solution) was based on the method by Zeng et al, and other hydroxides, KOH and NaOH, were selected based on the literature where they were used in (trans)esterification reactions. − A typical reaction consisted of 200 mg of EtGal dissolved in 4 mL of a hydroxide solution in a glass bottle with a cap, left at RT, and mixed at 150 rpm. The cap was not screwed on tight to let in air (aeration).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroxide-Catalyzed Ellagic Acid Synthesis from Biobased Ethyl Gallate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Cajnko,

Prašnikar,

Likozar

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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Dilactone ellagic acid (EA) is a polyphenolic compound in various fruits, vegetables, and other biomass structures that has many health-promoting properties. We directly synthesized EA from a gallic acid derivative, ethyl gallate. Previously reported methods were utilized, including synthesis with N,N-dimethylammonium N′,N′-dimethylcarbamate (DIM-CARB) ionic liquid and 3 different hydroxides with aeration, and in addition, we tested a novel method with 5 different choline chloride (ChCl)-based deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in combination with hydroxide and aeration. Despite our optimization attempts, DIMCARB performed very poorly (<2% yield of EA). On the other hand, the reactions with a 1% NH 4 OH catalyst resulted in a 50.3% yield of EA with an 85% purity. When 10% DES was added to 1% NH 4 OH, conversions increased from 50.3% up to 77.5% with an 82.9% purity. It was confirmed that neutral DES reduces the solubility of EA, which importantly decreases the rate of the reverse reaction, partly explaining the drastic increase in the yield. A scale-up of the most efficient DES/NH 4 OH system was also assessed, reaching a 61.8% yield and a purity of over 80%, respectively, indicating importance of O 2 aeration. Finally, a quantitative model of the engineered synthesis process was developed, showing that pH is the most important design factor influencing equilibrium, mechanistic rate kinetics, and the solubility of the product and why the combination of NH 4 OH and neutral DES works.

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Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydroxide-Catalyzed Ellagic Acid Synthesis from Biobased Ethyl Gallate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Cajnko,

Prašnikar,

Likozar

2024

ACS Sustainable Chem. Eng.

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“…The best yield was 94.6% when NaOH catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for 150 min in the presence of DES generated from ChCl and acetic acid (AA). 117 Importantly, enzymatic transesterification has a considerable advantage in the production of biodiesel and in the process of simplifying the separation of Gly by-products. In this respect, DESs are non-toxic, biodegradable, and have good compatibility with numerous biological enzymes, making them widely used as co-solvents in biological enzyme catalysis.…”

Section: Dess As Co-solvents In Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The best yield was 94.6% when NaOH catalyzed transesterification of Pongamia pinnata oil for 150 min in the presence of DES generated from ChCl and acetic acid (AA). 117…”

Section: Dess In Biodiesel Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deep eutectic solvents for catalytic biodiesel production from liquid biomass and upgrading of solid biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Li¹,

Chen²,

Zheng³

et al. 2023

Green Chem.

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Green ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for desulphurization, denitrification, biomass, biodiesel, bioethanol and hydrogen fuels: a review

Malolan¹,

Gopinath²,

et al. 2020

Environ Chem Lett

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Optimization of conversion of Pongamia pinnata oil with high FFA to biodiesel using novel deep eutectic solvent

Cited by 22 publications

References 22 publications

Hydroxide-Catalyzed Ellagic Acid Synthesis from Biobased Ethyl Gallate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Hydroxide-Catalyzed Ellagic Acid Synthesis from Biobased Ethyl Gallate Using Deep Eutectic Solvents

Deep eutectic solvents for catalytic biodiesel production from liquid biomass and upgrading of solid biomass into 5-hydroxymethylfurfural

Green ionic liquids and deep eutectic solvents for desulphurization, denitrification, biomass, biodiesel, bioethanol and hydrogen fuels: a review

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