Optimization of continuous biodiesel production from rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcined eggshells as heterogeneous catalyst

Sai, Bharadwaj A. V. S. L.; Niju, Subramaniapillai; Mohamed, Meera Sheriffa Begum Khadhar; Anantharaman, N.

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2019.103603

Cited by 57 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…In addition, "cd" is also not significantly different from "bc", while "cd" is significantly different from "e"). The results of fatty acid composition are in line with the range reported in scientific literature [14,18,22,45]. The different solvents used for extraction do not seem to influence the fatty acid composition.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

et al. 2020

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In the latex production chain, rubber tree seeds (Hevea brasiliensis) represent an underutilized fraction with high potentialities, which can increase the sustainability of the whole process if rightly valorized. In the present study, the quality of all the fractions obtained from the rubber fruit were evaluated, with the aim to identify possible applications for their valorization with a circular economy perspective. Seeds from five different varieties of rubber tree were analyzed. Furthermore, a whole mass and energy balance was defined, which has allowed us to define hypothetical production scenarios. The obtained results show negligible differences among varieties. Shells and capsules have shown a composition similar to woody biomass, with high heating values (more than 16.5 MJ kg−1), low nitrogen content (below 0.5% on weight basis (w/w)) and reduced ash content (0.51% w/w and 1.90% w/w, respectively). Kernels were chemically extracted comparing two different solvents: n-hexane and ethanol. Both solvents showed similar extraction yields, i.e., 49% w/w and 46% w/w for n-hexane and ethanol, respectively. The resulting extraction flour was characterized by a high protein content (around 40% w/w) making it suitable for animal feeding. The rubber seed oil could be used in blends of different vegetable oils for biodiesel production. All this information is useful for improving the sustainability of the latex production chain and to assess the sustainability of possible bioenergy value chains.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 89%

Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

et al. 2020

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“…In the transesterification process, triglycerides are converted to esters in the presence of alkali catalyst. 63 The major objective of this process is to maximize the ester yield with optimizing the major process parameters such as methanol/oil ratio, catalyst concentration, processing time and stirring speed. The experimental design for ester yield along with variables is tabulated in Tables 3–6.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO₂ nano catalyst

Sujin¹,

Diaz²,

Kings

et al. 2022

Energy & Environment

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Rapid industrialization and population expansion increased the demand for petroleum-based fuels, resulting in price hike and creates serious environmental issues. Biodiesel, a clean, renewable and long-lasting alternative and for large scale production needs readily available and sustainable feedstocks. Edible and non-edible plants are abundant in Southern India, particularly Ceiba penandra (CP), Mahua longifolia (ML), and Azadirachta indica (AI), which were employed in this study in combination. An efficient heterogeneous nano-catalyst CaO-TiO2 was synthesized and employed in the transesterification process due to its recoverability and insensitivity to FFA. The catalyst was subjected to characterize by FTIR, XRD and SEM with EDX mapping. Response surface approach is engaged in this study for cost-effective production. More than 95% biodiesel yield was achieved for Ceiba penandra oil (CPO), Mahua longifolia oil (MLO), Azadirachta indica oil (AIO) and their mixture (MIO) by optimization of significant reaction parameters and the best combination was obtained as methanol oil ratio (0.32, 0.46, 0.34 and 0.42 v/v), catalyst usage (5, 6.5, 6 and 4 wt.%), mixing intensity (750, 840, 700 and 540 rpm) and duration (80, 105, 85 and 85 min) respectively with constant temperature of 70°C. Fatty acid profile was characterized by chromatograph also established the properties by ASTM and EN guidelines to confirm its compatibility in the IC engine.

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“…The composition of the fatty acids influenced the main fuel properties like viscosity, calorific value, cetane number, CFPP, oxidation stability and so on. 44,45 Along with, standard American Standard Test Method (ASTM) test protocols were used to determine fundamental thermophysical fuel parameters such as kinematic viscosity, density, calorific value, flash point, cetane number, oxidation stability, and CFPP value of the test fuels, as shown in Table 3. In the present, optimization of engine process parameters was explored however, optimization of biodiesel production and characterization have been evaluated and published.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of α-aluminium oxide nano additives with Sal biodiesel blend as a potential alternative fuel for existing DI diesel engine

Sharma¹,

Pali

Kumar

et al. 2022

Energy & Environment

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The increasing demand, rapid consumption, price increase, limited reserves, and environmental concern due to pollution produced by conventional fossil fuel (diesel & gasoline) are a few reasons why biofuels need to be explored. The present paper employs a systematic methodology to examine the performance of a 20% volumetric blend of Sal biodiesel (S20) blended with diesel using α-aluminium oxide (α-Al2O3) nanoparticles (NP) as additives and is compared with a diesel under like circumstances. The central composite design, Box-Behnken design (BBD) based response surface methodology, and desirability tests are used in the organized experiments on a diesel engine configuration to facilitate calibration. The created multivariate regression model yields all of the best engine inputs. Interaction effects are used to determine the most influential element by observing the interaction of two distinct input factors on a single response. According to the desirability tests, the highest estimated desirability was 0.579; the optimal input parameters found are 21°bTDC injection timing (IT), 238 bar injection pressure (IOP), 17 compression ratio (CR), and 74 ppm concentration of α-Al2O3NP, estimated the optimized response of brake thermal efficiency (BHTE) 31.18%, brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) 0.2975 kg/kWh, carbon monoxide (CO) 0.0887%, hydrocarbon (HC) 31 ppm, oxide of nitrogen (NOx) 677 ppm, and smoke level 54.92%. These predicted values were validated with experimental results, and errors were within the range. The nanoparticle combination sample offers improved brake thermal efficiency (BTHE) and lower BSFC rate than the S20 while testing for the optimal parametric condition. Graphical abstract [Formula: see text]

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Optimization of continuous biodiesel production from rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcined eggshells as heterogeneous catalyst

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO₂ nano catalyst

Effect of α-aluminium oxide nano additives with Sal biodiesel blend as a potential alternative fuel for existing DI diesel engine

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Optimization of continuous biodiesel production from rubber seed oil (RSO) using calcined eggshells as heterogeneous catalyst

Cited by 57 publications

References 35 publications

Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

Biofuel, Bioenergy and Feed Valorization of By-Products and Residues from Hevea brasiliensis Cultivation to Enhance Sustainability

Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO2 nano catalyst

Effect of α-aluminium oxide nano additives with Sal biodiesel blend as a potential alternative fuel for existing DI diesel engine

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Sustainable biodiesel production from Ceiba penandra, Mahua longifolia, and Azadirachta indica using CaO-TiO₂ nano catalyst