Optimization of concurrent production of xylanolytic and pectinolytic enzymes by Bacillus safensis M35 and Bacillus altitudinis J208 using agro-industrial biomass through Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

Application of crude xylanolytic and pectinolytic enzymes in diverse industrial processes make these enzymes commercially valuable and demand their production process to be cost-effective. Out of four different agrowaste biomass, wheat bran (WB) and citrus peel (CP), when amended as fermentation substrates, respectively induced the highest xylanolytic enzymes and pectinolytic enzymes from both, B. safensis M35 and B. altitudinis J208. Further, the simultaneous amendment of WB and CP yielded concurrent production of these cellulase free xylanolytic and pectinolytic enzymes. Hence, the quadratic model was developed using the Central Composite Design of Response Surface Method (CCD-RSM). The model gave the concentration values for WB and CP substrates to be amended in one single production medium for obtaining two optimized predicted response values of xylanase activity and pectinase activity units, which were further practically validated for the xylanase and pectinase production responses from the optimized production medium (OPM). These practically obtained response values from OPM were found to be in accordance with a range of 95% predicted intervals (PI) values. These observations verified the validity of the predicted quadratic model from RSM and suggested that both xylanase and pectinase enzymes can be induced concurrently from both of the bacterial strains. Xylanases and pectinases are the commercially important industrial groups of enzymes, members of which exhibit diverse xylanolytic and pectinolytic enzymatic activities. These groups of enzymes harbor a huge commercial potential as their biotechnological applications span broad spectra in diverse industries such as biofuels, pulp-paper, food, animal feed, textile, fiber, etc. Out of these, biofuel industries demand these xylanolytic and pectinolytic enzymes play their accessory role to the core cellulase enzymes for improving plant biomass saccharification. Whereas, animal feed industries require combination of cellulase, xylanase and or pectinase for improving the nutrition quality of grain and feed. On the other hand, pulp and paper as well as textile industries need the cellulase free xylanase and pectinase enzymes for their respective applications, i.e., to prepare hemicellulose free cellulose papers, to remove pectin (rhamnogalacturonan) coating from cotton and denim fibers, Food and beverage industries also need xylanase and pectinase enzymes to clarify pectin polymeric fraction from fruit juices and to improve the tea flavor 1,2. These applications append the worth to the organisms which can produce the xylanase and pectinase enzymes and the cellulase free nature of such enzymes is an add-on benefit to this.

Comparison of Optimal Fungal Pectinase Activities Using the Box-Behnken Design

“…10 In a related study, orange peel and wheat bran induced the maximum production of the enzyme using the quadratic model of the central composite design for prediction of the response. 30 A. niger also showed the largest hydrolysis zone of pectin (Table 1); hence, its use in literature for commercial pectinase production. 7,31 Generally, the predicted R 2 and adjusted R 2 values were in a reasonable agreement as adjudged by the Design-Expert software package file version 13.0.3 used for analysis; hence, making the results reliable.…”

Bacteria associated with Sarcocornia neei (Lag.) With apparent hydrolytic activity and biological control from the Paraguayan dry Chaco

“…D) Aislamiento bacteriano con capacidad de producción de proteasas. producción de pectinasas (Thite et al, 2020).…”

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“…B. safensis M35 and B. altitudinis J208 b strains of bacteria are used for the production of pectinases enzyme by submerged fermentation. It produces a large and good amount of pectinase enzyme for industrial purposes 22 .…”