Optimization of Cinnamon (Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume) Essential Oil Extraction: Evaluation of Antioxidant and Antiproliferative Effects

Abstract

Having high cytotoxicity cell line effect, Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume essential oil offers a novel approach to the chemotherapy treatment. In order to enhance its quantity/purity, the experimental conditions to produce essential oil should be more exploited. Steam distillation was used to isolate essential oil, and its conditions’ optimization was carried out with the surface-response methodology. The maximum amount (2.6 g/100 g d.b.) was obtained under minimum condensation water flow (0.8 mL/min), a sample size of 6.5 cm, a saline solution concentration of 262.5 g/L, and five washings. The produced essential oil contains >77% of polyphenols. In vitro cytotoxicity was examined using an MTT assay against HeLa and Raji cell lines. The essential oil’s capability to inhibit the proliferation of HeLa and Raji cell lines was studied under some conditions presenting IC50 values of 0.13 and 0.57 μg/mL, respectively. The essential oil was evaluated for its potential as an antioxidant by using in vitro models, such as phosphomolybdenum, DPPH, and H2O2 methods, in comparison with the synthetic antioxidant BHT (butylated hydroxytoluene) and ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as positive controls. The ammonium phosphomolybdate potency in the present study is of the order of 108.75 ± 32.63 mg of essential oil/equivalent to 1 mg of vitamin C in terms of antioxidant power, and the antioxidant activity of DPPH-H2O2 was 21.3% and 55.2%, respectively. The Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume essential oil (CEO) covers important antioxidant and antiproliferative effects. This can be attributed to the presence of few minor and major phenolic compounds.

Antibacterial, Antifungal, Antimycotoxigenic, and Antioxidant Activities of Essential Oils: An Updated Review

“…The antioxidant activities of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon) EO [ 45 ] and Eugenia caryophyllus (clove) EO [ 45 , 163 ] were reported to be related with the composition of EOs. Kallel et al [ 164 ] showed that Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume (cinnamon) EO was composed of different monoterpenes (such as α-pinene) and sesquiterpenes, which were responsible for the remarkable antioxidative activity of cinnamon as also observed in the study of Tepe and Ozaslan [ 165 ]. In this study, it was shown that the antioxidant activity is the result of not only major components but also of the minors.…”

Bioactive Natural Compounds and Antioxidant Activity of Essential Oils from Spice Plants: New Findings and Potential Applications

“…Bioactivity and bioactive compounds: The true cinnamon EOs have been reported by their anti-fungal, antibacterial, antioxidant, as well as cytotoxic properties against cancer cell lines [ 82 , 83 , 84 ]. Recently, a study investigated the antimicrobial activity of C. zeylanicum EO (( E )-cinnamaldehyde: 45.62%) and its main components (cinnamaldehyde and eugenol) and demonstrated that the EO showed significant inhibitory activity against bacteria and fungi strains with MIC values ranging from 20 to 120 µg∙mL −1 , depending upon the species.…”

“…Kallel et al [ 83 ] investigated the cytotoxic activity of C. zeylanicum EO with >77% of polyphenols using an MTT assay against HeLa and Raji cell lines. They found that the EO inhibits the proliferation of both cell lines presenting IC 50 values of 0.13 and 0.57 μg∙mL −1 , respectively.…”

Modeling of antiproliferative effects of Salvia officinalis L. essential oil optimized using Box–Behnken design

“…Scavenging activity of hydrogen peroxide was resolute using the reference method [23]. Also, the all precision experiment details were described in our previous work [21]. The percentage of H2O2 scavenging was determined using equation 5: 230…”