Optimization of chitin and chitosan production from shrimp wastes and characterization

Abstract

The objectives of this study were to optimize and evaluate chitin and chitosan production conditions from shrimp waste using the response surface methodology and to characterize obtained chitosans. The effects of demineralization and deproteinization conditions on chitin production and deacetylation conditions on chitosan production were investigated. Optimum conditions for chitin production were observed at using 0.73 mol/L hydrochloric acid for 132.61 min at room temperature for demineralization and 0.95 mol/L sodium hydroxide for 75.65 min at 60.49 °C for deproteinization. The obtained chitin was used to optimize chitosan production and two different chitosans were defined as chitosan‐1 and chitosan‐2. Chitosan‐1 was obtained by deacetylation with 40% sodium hydroxide at 120 °C for 300 min, and Chitosan‐2 was obtained by deacetylation with 50% sodium hydroxide at 100 °C for 720 min. The obtained chitosans were characterized by their degree of deacetylation, molecular weight, viscosity, mineral content, whiteness index, and scanning electron microscope micrographs. Practical applications Chitosan, carbohydrate‐based polymer, is derived from crustacean shells. The extraction process of chitin and chitosan from shrimp wastes sourced of different sources needs optimization to obtain high yield chitosan without impurity. Although the production of chitosan by chemical method has been studied earlier, this is the first report on extraction of chitin and chitosan from shrimp waste from the Marmara Sea in Turkey. Shrimp waste from Marmara Sea in Turkey, which has no economic value, can be successfully converted into chitosan. The effective utilization of these wastes would not only eliminate waste but also contribute to the economy as value‐added products.

Optimization and characterization of gelatin and chitosan extracted from fish and shrimp waste

“…The degree of deacetylation (DD%), described as the crucial factor determining the physicochemical behavior and biological functionality of chitosan [13], reached a value of 67.03 %. Our results are similar to those obtained by Tokatlı et al (2017) [14], but higher than those presented by Kumari et al (2015) [15], and lower than those obtained by Sagheer et al (2009) [16]. These variations may be affected by the different nature of raw material and the parameters of deacetylation process (time and temperature).…”

Chitin extraction from shrimp wastes by single step fermentation with Lactobacillus acidophilus FTDC3871 using response surface methodology

“…The recovered solids were washed thoroughly several times using deionized‐distilled water, and then dried at 50°C for 3 hr to obtain dried chitin. The chitosan was produced via deacetylation process as described by Tokatlı and Demirdöven (2018). In brief, the dried chitin was soaked in sodium hydroxide solution (50%) with a solid‐to‐solution ratio of 1:20 (w/v) and incubated in a water bath at 100°C for 720 min.…”

“…Chitin and chitosan contents were determined as described by Tokatlı and Demirdöven (2018). The chitin yield was calculated from the weight difference between the shrimp waste and the obtained chitin after the chitin production procedure and calculated the chitosan yield from the weight difference between the obtained chitin and the obtained chitosan after the chitosan production procedure.…”

Study on Production and Kinetics of Chitosan from Shrimp Shell Waste using Factorial Design Experimental Technique

“…For example, chitosan with a higher DDA represents higher antimicrobial activity [12]. The DDA of chitosan depends on the source, preparation method, and the reversal of the process steps [13,14].…”