Optimization of ceramic friction materials

Materials selection for eco-aware lightweight friction material

“…Friction materials were generally developed through trial and error, coupled with previous experience of the manufacturer. However, mathematical methods were suggested for evaluation and optimization, such as grey relational analysis [9] and single-criterion extension evaluation method [24]. The correct combination and composition of materials and particle sizes can enhance the tribological performance of the braking interface [25,26].…”

“…Therefore, asbestos has been banned by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) since 1992 [8]. Since then, the development of potential NAO materials has increased to identify a safer alternative [3,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15]. A major challenge for this paper is to design and select potential alternative materials that are capable of high performance,…”

Composite materials – modelling, prediction and optimization

“…The main problem is how to adjust these manufacturing parameters simultaneously to provide maximum friction and minimum wear in the contact region of the friction pair. Until now, research has focused mainly on the problem of optimizing the formulation of the brake friction material, without signifi cant effort related to the optimization of the manufacturing process applied to the selected formulation [215][216][217][218]. The analysis of the synergistic effects of the manufacturing parameters on friction and/or wear is an extremely important and open issue that deserves much attention.…”

Semi-metallic Brake Friction Materials Containing ZrSiO4: Friction Performance and Friction Layers Evaluation

“…is used as the volume fraction of the ingredients within the friction formulations. Several semimetallic, nonasbestos organic (NAO) including low metallic, nonmetallic, and ceramic friction material formulations and two industrial brake pad formulations have been optimized using the Golden Section approach coupled with relational grade analysis [1][2][3]8,10]. In the case of semimetallic friction materials, the ingredients can be divided into three groups: metal (m), nonmetal (nm), and binder (b).…”