Optimization of biodiesel production from crude palm oil using ultrasonic irradiation assistance and response surface methodology

Worapun, Ittipon; Pianthong, Kulachate; Thaiyasuit, Prachasanti

doi:10.1002/jctb.2679

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 25 publications

(24 reference statements)

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“…This result can be further consolidated into a plot of the predicted hydrolysis conversion as a function of the experimental values (Figure ). The values of the adjusted regression coefficients (

{normalR}_{A d j}^{2} = 0.8028

) indicate a high correlation between the experimentally observed and predicted values and explains any variability in the response . Moreover, the pure error of the model was very low, indicating good reproducibility of the obtained data.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe₃O₄@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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In this study, the catalyzed hydrolysis of castor oil by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilized on glutaraldehyde‐activated magnetic Fe3O4@chitosan is investigated. Magnetic Fe3O4 is prepared by hydrothermal method and coated with chitosan (CS). Next, CRL is immobilized on Fe3O4@chitosan using glutaraldehyde as a cross‐linking reagent. The prepared Fe3O4@CS@CRL is confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X‐ray powder diffraction (XRD), vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken design is used to evaluate and optimize the hydrolysis reaction variables. The optimum reaction conditions for the hydrolysis of castor oil by the Fe3O4@CS@CRL heterogeneous catalyst are found to be a water/oil ratio of 1.60:1, pH of 7.05, reaction temperature of 34 °C, and lipase concentration of 3.27%; under these conditions, the hydrolysis conversion of castor oil reached 46.81%. Moreover, the immobilized lipase showed high stability with no appreciable loss in its activity after three consecutive cycles. Practical Applications: RSM is found to be a useful technique for optimizing hydrolysis of castor oil. The high conversion of the hydrolysis of castor oil indicates that the Fe3O4@CS@CRL have potential to be used in preparing ricinoleic acid from castor oil. Ricinoleic acid have the potential to be used in printing ink as a pigment and dye disperser, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, and other valuable products. Ricinoleic acid can be used in pigment and dye disperser in printing ink, sebacic acid, azelaic acid, heptaldehyde, plasticizers, surfactants, lubricants, and other valuable products. Hydrolysis of castor oil catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase (CRL) immobilized on glutaraldehyde‐activated magnetic Fe3O4@chitosan is investigated. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on the Box–Behnken design is used to evaluate and optimize the hydrolysis reaction variables. Fe3O4@CS@CRL can be easily separated from the suspension using an external strong magnet. Fe3O4@CS@CRL have potential to be used in preparing ricinoleic acid from castor oil.

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{normalR}_{A d j}^{2} = 0.8028

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 81%

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe₃O₄@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Zhao

Chen

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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“…The adjusted coefficient of determination (

R_{A d j}^{2}

) value reconstructs the expression with all the significant terms included. The values of the adjusted regression coefficients (

R_{A d j}^{2}

= 0.9087) indicate a high correlation between the experimentally observed and predicted values and explains any variability in the response . Moreover, the pure error of the model was very low, indicating the good reproducibility of the obtained data .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Optimization of epoxidation of ricinoleic acid methyl ester by hydrogen peroxide and phase‐transfer catalyst using response surface methodology

Zhao

Chen

Liu

et al. 2017

Euro J Lipid Sci & Tech

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The epoxidation of ricinoleic acid methyl ester (RAME) has been investigated using an environmentally friendly oxidant (i.e., hydrogen peroxide) and a phase‐transfer catalyst ([π‐C5H5N(CH2)15CH3]3[PW4O16]) in dichloroethane. The response surface methodology (RSM), based on the Box–Behnken design was used to assess individual and interactive effects of the process variables and to optimize the epoxidation reaction condition. The coefficient of determination (R2 = 0.9544) obtained from analysis of the variance confirmed the suitability of the fitted model. The RSM analysis results indicated that the molar ratio of H2O2 to CC bonds and the reaction temperature are the most significant (P < 0.01) factors affecting the conversion of RAME epoxide. In addition, the interaction between the H2O2/CC molar ratio and the catalyst dosage also has significant effect (P < 0.05) on the conversion of RAME epoxide. The optimum reaction conditions for the epoxidation of RAME were H2O2: CC molar ratio of 1.93:1, catalyst dosage of 3.11 wt% (substrate:catalyst molar ratio = 207), reaction temperature of 52°C, and reaction time of 75 min, under which a conversion of 94.52% could be achieved. The epoxidation of RAME by hydrogen peroxide and the (π‐C5H5N[CH2]15CH3)3(PW4O16) phase‐transfer catalyst followed pseudo‐first order kinetics with an activation energy (Ea) of approximately 21.6 kJ/mol. The reaction process is a mass‐transfer control process. Practical applications: RSM was found to be a useful technique for optimizing epoxidation of RAME. The high conversion of the epoxidation of RAME indicates that (π‐C5H5N[CH2]15CH3)3(PW4O16) is a very efficient phase‐transfer catalyst for the epoxidation of RAME under the mild conditions mentioned above. The epoxidized RAME have the potential to be used as biolubricants, surfactants, biobased polymers, and surface‐active compounds for high‐value cosmetic. The epoxidized ricinoleic acid methyl ester (RAME) have great potential to be used as biolubricants, biobased polymers, and surface‐active compounds in a variety of industries. RAME is epoxidized using an environmentally friendly oxidant (hydrogen peroxide) and a phase‐transfer catalyst ([p‐C5H5N(CH2)15CH3]3[PW4O16]) in dichloroethane. The high conversion (94.52%) is achieved by using response surface methodology to optimize the epoxidation reaction variables.

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“…Production of biodiesel from crude palm oil (6% wt FFA) was investigated using a low‐frequency ultrasonic irradiation (40 kHz) technique. The optimum conditions for transesterification were found to be methanol to oil molar ratio of 6.44:1, catalyst concentration of 1.25% wt and irradiation time of 25.96 min at 38.44 °C, which leads to 97.85% yield .…”

Section: Biodiesel Production Technologiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production characterization and efficiency of biodiesel: a review

Mythili

Venkatachalam

Subramanian

et al. 2014

Int. J. Energy Res.

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SUMMARYVegetable oil is one of the main first generation liquid biofuels. The fuel characteristics of vegetable oil such as viscosity and atomization cannot be accommodated by existing diesel engines. An alternate process has been developed to improve the fuel characteristics of vegetable oils through the process of alcoholysis to produce a fuel called biodiesel. It can be used in engines as substitute for fossil fuel. This paper reviews the characteristics of different oils available for biodiesel production and the production technologies, engine performance using vegetable oil and biodiesel, and emission studies.

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Optimization of biodiesel production from crude palm oil using ultrasonic irradiation assistance and response surface methodology

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe₃O₄@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe₃O₄@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Optimization of epoxidation of ricinoleic acid methyl ester by hydrogen peroxide and phase‐transfer catalyst using response surface methodology

Production characterization and efficiency of biodiesel: a review

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Optimization of biodiesel production from crude palm oil using ultrasonic irradiation assistance and response surface methodology

Cited by 39 publications

References 25 publications

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe3O4@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe3O4@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Optimization of epoxidation of ricinoleic acid methyl ester by hydrogen peroxide and phase‐transfer catalyst using response surface methodology

Production characterization and efficiency of biodiesel: a review

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Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe₃O₄@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil

Immobilization of Candida rugosa Lipase on Glutaraldehyde‐Activated Fe₃O₄@Chitosan as a Magnetically Separable Catalyst for Hydrolysis of Castor Oil