Optimization of Binary Mixtures of Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel for Clean Energy Combustion

Mosonik, Bornes C.; Kibet, Joshua K.; Ngari, Silas M.

doi:10.1007/s42250-019-00071-0

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 44 publications

(71 reference statements)

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“…Absorption spectra were collected according to the procedure developed in the literature. 21 , 22 Attenuated total reflection FTIR spectra were taken following the procedure of Mili et al 21 The sample size used for FTIR was ≈5 mg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…FTIR spectroscopy is remarkably one of the most important and versatile analytical techniques available for the analysis of surface functionalities of PM. Absorption spectra were collected according to the procedure developed in the literature 21,22 . Attenuated total reflection FTIR spectra were taken following the procedure of Mili et al 21 The sample size used for FTIR was ≈5 mg.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The impact of puff frequency on respirable particulate matter in mainstream cigarette smoke

Maiyo

Korir

Kibet

2023

Clinical Respiratory J

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Background Inhalation of particulate matter (PM) from cigarette smoke is hazardous to smokers and non‐smokers. This contribution simulates the deposition of cigarette PM on the lung surface by trapping tobacco smoke particulates on Croton megalocarpus biochar. This study investigated one commercial cigarette (MM) and one local cigarette (RR). Methodology Biochar was incorporated into the filters of MM and RR cigarettes in order to adsorb PM from mainstream cigarette smoke. A weighed 5 mg of biochar with adsorbed cigarette PM was analyzed using a scanning electron microscope and a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The size distribution of cigarette smoke particulates was processed using ImageJ software. Results At 15 s puff time, the mean particulate diameters for the commercial and the local cigarettes, respectively, can be classified as coarse ≈ PM 10 . Conversely, the mean particulate diameter at 2 s puff time for the commercial cigarette falls under the ultrafine classification of ≤PM 2.5 , whereas at the same puff time, the mean particulate diameter for the local cigarette was approximately PM 2.5 . Data from Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicate the PM in the two model cigarettes contains aromatic structures that feature the C=C bond characterized by an intense absorption band at δs (1600 cm −1 ). Conclusions This study found that PM in mainstream cigarette smoke depends on puff time. Although cigarette smoking was conducted for two model cigarettes, this study can be extended to any other form of cigarette. Moreover, this study emphasizes the need for comprehensive studies on real‐world cigarette smoking conditions, taking into account cigarette smokers who use larger puff volumes.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The impact of puff frequency on respirable particulate matter in mainstream cigarette smoke

Maiyo

Korir

Kibet

2023

Clinical Respiratory J

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“…Conventionally, EPR measures energy absorption attributed to the transition of subatomic particles such as electrons between different energy levels caused by the interaction of free radicals with the magnetic field component of the microwave radiation in presence of an external magnetic field applied to the sample [9,10]. EPR has been used broadly to study free radicals in various condensed phases such as biochar [11,8].…”

Section: Environmentally Persistent Free Radicals (Epfrs) In Bio-oilmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dioxin and dibenzofuran like molecular analogues from the pyrolysis of biomass materials—the emerging challenge in bio-oil production

et al. 2021

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Introduction The aggressive search for renewable energy resources and essential pyrosynthetic compounds has marked an exponential rise in the thermal degradation of biomass materials. Consequently, clean and sustainable transport fuels are increasingly desirable in a highly industrialized economy, for energy security and environmental protection. For this reason, biomass materials have been identified as promising alternatives to fossil fuels despite the challenges resulting from the possible formation of toxic nitrogen-based molecules during biomass degradation. In order to understand the free radical characteristic challenges facing the use of bio-oil, a brief review of the effects of free radicals in bio-oil is presented. Methodology Pyrolysis was conducted in a tubular flow quartz reactor at a residence time of 2 s at 1 atm. pressure, for a total pyrolysis time of 5 min. The thermal degradation of biomass components was investigated over the temperature range of 200 to 700 °C typically in 50 °C increments under two reaction conditions; pyrolysis in N2 and oxidative pyrolysis in 5% O2 in N2. The pyrolysate effluent was analysed using a Gas chromatograph hyphenated to a mass selective detector (MSD). Results The yield of levoglucosan in the pyrolysis of cellulose in the entire pyrolysis temperature range was 68.2 wt % under inert conditions and 28.8 wt % under oxidative conditions. On the other hand, formaldehyde from pyrolysis of cellulose yielded 4 wt % while that from oxidative pyrolysis was 7 wt % translating to ⁓ 1.8 times higher than the yield from pyrolysis. Accordingly, we present for the first time dioxin-like and dibenzofuran-like nitrogenated analogues from an equimassic pyrolysis of cellulose and tyrosine. Levoglucosan and formaldehyde were completely inhibited during the equimassic pyrolysis of cellulose and tyrosine. Conclusion Clearly, any small amounts of N-biomass components such as amino acids in cellulosic biomass materials can inhibit the formation of levoglucosan–a major constituent of bio-oil. Overall, a judicious balance between the production of bio-oil and side products resulting from amino acids present in plant matter should be taken into account to minimize economic losses and mitigate against negative public health concerns.

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Optimization of Binary Mixtures of Biodiesel and Fossil Diesel for Clean Energy Combustion

Cited by 2 publications

References 44 publications

The impact of puff frequency on respirable particulate matter in mainstream cigarette smoke

The impact of puff frequency on respirable particulate matter in mainstream cigarette smoke

Dioxin and dibenzofuran like molecular analogues from the pyrolysis of biomass materials—the emerging challenge in bio-oil production

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