Optimization of betaine-sorbitol natural deep eutectic solvent-based ultrasound-assisted extraction and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity of chlorogenic acid and caffeine content from robusta green coffee beans

Abstract

Natural deep eutectic solvent (NADES) is an alternative approach in natural product extraction with various advantages, including low toxicity, biodegradable, and suitable phytochemical compounds in a wide range of polarity. Chlorogenic acid (CGA) and caffeine, a well-known compound in the coffee bean, have various potential health benefits. This study aims to optimize the betaine–sorbitol NADES-based ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) method of CGA and caffeine from Robusta green coffee beans and determine the inhibitory activity of robusta green coffee beans extract of the betaine-sorbitol NADES-UAE from the optimum condition on pancreatic lipase in vitro and in silico . The betaine-sorbitol NADES-UAE factors as experimental design variable parameters include betaine-sorbitol ratio (0.5:1.2, 1.25:1.2, and 2:1.2 mol), extraction time (10, 35, and 60 min), and solid-liquid ratio (1:10, 1:20, and 1:30 g/mL). Response surface methodology and Box-Behnken Design were used to optimize the extraction process. The response surface was calculated by using CGA and caffeine content as response values. CGA and caffeine content was determined by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography. Whereas in vitro lipase inhibitory activity assay examined by spectrophotometric measurement and in silico molecular docking analysis on PDB ID: 1LPB. According to the results, the optimum conditions of the betaine-sorbitol NADES-UAE have obtained the betaine-sorbitol ratio of 1.25: 1.2 mol, solid-liquid ratio of 1:30 mg/mL, and 60 min extraction time. Furthermore, obtained Robusta green coffee extract from the optimum condition of the betaine-sorbitol NADES-UAE showed high potential to inhibit lipase activity with IC 50 of 18.02 μg/ml, comparable with IC 50 of standard CGA (11.90 μg/ml) and caffeine (15.59 μg/ml), where potential interaction of both standards was confirmed using molecular docking analysis. Our finding demonstrated the optimum condition of the betaine-sorbitol NADES-UAE method for CGA and caffeine extraction and the potential pancreatic lipase inhibition activity from the Robusta green coffee bean.

Evaluation and comparison in caffeine extraction under green conditions: Solvent selection and ultrasound‐assisted process

“…This indicates that the solvents that generated the highest extraction percentage had higher D e values, and the solvents that favored the extraction of caffeine less had lower D e values. Several authors (Ahmad et al, 2021; Carciochi et al, 2021; Cvjetko Bubalo et al, 2018; González et al, 2020; Mao et al, 2021) reported that in solvent extraction systems, the conditions and affinity of the solute‐solvent complex are directly related to the effective diffusivity. An adequate mass transfer and process time allow the generation of higher extraction yields.…”

Stability of Chlorogenic Acid from Artemisiae Scopariae Herba Enhanced by Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents as Green and Biodegradable Extraction Media

“…The NADES synthesis route refers to previously described methods. 25 According to previous research studies, NADESs were divided into five groups on the basis of components that were obtained from nature: 26 sugar-based mixtures with an acid, a base, or amino acid, ionic types composed of a base or an acid, and those with neutral compounds. As a classification of NADESs, the selected and designed solvents are shown in Table 1 .…”

“…All 1.5 mL CGA solutions were poured into capped glass vials, treated with water baths at 25 and 85 °C for different times (10, 30, 50, 70, 90, and 110 min), and rapidly cooled to room temperature for the test. The effect of varying water contents (25,40,55, 70, and 85%, v/v) in NADESs on the stability of CGA was determined under PMH, LGH, and ethyl alcohol at 25 and −4 °C, and it was kept away from light for 60 min. The CGA solutions were stored in the dark at 25 and −4 °C for 0, 3, 8, 15, 24, and 35 days to investigate the effect of storage time.…”

Effects of High Pressure-Assisted Extraction on Yield, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial, and Anti-diabetic Properties of Chlorogenic Acid and Caffeine Extracted from Green Coffee Beans

“…These results suggest that the solute in the sample matrix was dissolved using high pressure, and the two target compounds in the extraction took approximately 2.5 min to reach equilibrium. Thus, it was not possible for any more CGA or caffeine to be dissolved, and the extended duration was not productive (Ahmad et al, 2021). Traditional HR extraction at 50 °C for 5 min provided 3.54% and 2.92% of CGA and caffeine, respectively, but twice the amount of CGA and caffeine was obtained using HPE extraction at 400 MPa at 25 °C within 2.5 min.…”