Optimization of banana crop by-products solvent extraction for the production of bioactive compounds

Abstract

The aim of this work is the optimization of phenolic compound extraction from three by-products of banana crops (rachis, discarded banana, and banana’s pseudostem pulp), as a way to valorize them through a green extraction process. The influence of the temperature and aqueous ethanol concentration (Et-OH) on extract properties (total phenol content (TPC) and antioxidant activity) was firstly analyzed. 78 ℃ and ethanol concentrations close to 50% yielded the best results for the three materials. The equations obtained by the response surface methodology gave a satisfactory description of the experimental data, allowing optimizing the extraction conditions. Under optimized conditions, time influence was then assessed, although this parameter seemed not influence results. Among the three by-products, rachis extract (60% Et-OH, 78 ℃, and 30 min) presented the highest TPC (796 mg gallic acid/100 g of dried material) and antioxidant activity (6.51 mg Trolox equivalents/g of dried material), followed by discarded banana, and pseudostem pulp. Under the optimal conditions, experiments were performed at a larger scale, allowing to determine the extraction yields (EY) and to characterize the extracts. The highest EY was obtained for the rachis (26%), but the extract with the highest activity was obtained for discarded banana (50% Et-OH, 78 ℃, and 60 min), which presented a TPC of 27.26 mg/g extract corresponding to 54.59 mg Trolox equivalents/g extract. This study contributes to the valorization of banana crops residues as a source of polyphenolic compounds with bioactive functions that can be extracted under economic extraction conditions. Graphical abstract

Fabrication of Cellulose Powder Dielectric Composite Material using Pineapple Leaves Fiber

“…Once all factor values are defined, the optimization technique evaluates the analysis model, generating outputs referred to as analysis functions or experiment responses. These functions serve as indicators of the design's quality [29]. By employing optimization techniques, a comprehensive understanding of the interactions among factors during the fabrication process of dielectric composite material using pineapple leaves can be achieved.…”

“…In this paper, optimization techniques were employed to fabricate a new dielectric composite material using cellulose powder derived from pineapple leaves. Since the role and composition of pineapple waste vary significantly within the plant, individual analysis is necessary for optimizing the fabrication of new dielectric composite material [28][29][30].…”

Development of Cellulose Air Filters for Capturing Fine and Ultrafine Particles through the Valorization of Banana Cultivation Biomass Waste

“…This results in a large amount of banana pseudostem waste as the banana tree only bears fruit once [51], with a production of around 17 million tons per year in the Canary Islands. This biomass has been subject to analysis in various applications, such as the use of its fibers as reinforcement in polymeric materials [53][54][55], the extraction of subcomponents [56,57], the textile industry [58,59], or the generation of biochar for industrial applications [60][61][62], among others. Another potential application could be found in the extraction of its cellulose for use in filtration purposes, allowing for the substitution of conventional raw materials based on non-renewable materials, such as those derived from fossil fuels.…”

Green banana resistant starch: A promising potential as functional ingredient against certain maladies

“…Bioactive substances can be detected in green banana plants and extracts obtained from the pseudo stem of the banana, including catechol, pyrocatechol, tannic, gentisic, protocatechuic, ferulicas, caffeic, chlorogenic, gallic, and cinnamic acids (Saravanan & Aradhya, 2011 ). A solvent extraction method was utilized to obtain phenolics from antioxidant rachis (Xavier et al., 2019 ), which may be a valuable source of phenolics with antioxidant properties that may be used in numerous large‐scale applications (Díaz et al., 2021 ).…”