Optimization of Artificial Wetland Design for Removal of Indicator Microorganisms and Pathogenic Protozoa

Gerba, Charles P.; Thurston, Jeanette A.; Falabi, J. A.; Watt, Pamela M.; Karpiscak, Martin M.

doi:10.1016/s0273-1223(99)00519-3

Cited by 32 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…First, coliform are present at high concentrations in sewage, urban runoff, and agricultural runoff, and hence their presence in coastal wetlands may be an indication of human stress (). Second, while much is known about the utility of freshwater wetlands for removing fecal indicator bacteria and pathogens in urban runoff ( − ), to our knowledge there is only one published study that addresses this issue in tidal saltwater wetlands (). The historical data described in this study helps to fill these data gaps.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Climate Change, Tidal Mixing, and Watershed Urbanization on Historical Water Quality in Newport Bay, a Saltwater Wetland and Tidal Embayment in Southern California

Pednekar

Grant

Jeong

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Historical coliform measurements (n = 67,269; 32 years) in Newport Bay, a regionally important saltwater wetland and tidal embayment in southern California, have been compiled and analyzed. Coliform concentrations in Newport Bay decrease along an inland-to-ocean gradient, consistent with the hypothesis that this tidal embayment attenuates fecal pollution from inland sources. Nearly 70% of the variability in the coliform record can be attributed to seasonal and interannual variability in local rainfall, implying that stormwater runoff from the surrounding watershed is a primary source of coliform in Newport Bay. The storm loading rate of coliform from the San Diego Creek watershed--the largest watershed draining into Newport Bay--appears to be unaffected by the dramatic shift away from agricultural land-use that occurred in the watershed over the study period. Further, the peak loading of coliform during storms is larger than can be reasonably attributed to sources of human sewage, suggesting that nonhuman fecal pollution and/or bacterial regrowth contribute to the coliform load. Summer time measurements of coliform exhibit interannual trends, but these trends are site specific, apparently due to within-Bay variability in land-use, inputs of dry-weather runoff, and tidal mixing rates. Overall, these results suggest that efforts to improve water quality in Newport Bay will likely have greater efficacy during dry weather summer periods. Water quality during winter storms, on the other hand, appears to be dominated by factors outside of local management control; namely, virtually unlimited nonhuman sources of coliform in the watershed and global climate patterns, such as the El Nino Southern Oscillation, that modulate rainfall and stormwater runoff in southern California.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Climate Change, Tidal Mixing, and Watershed Urbanization on Historical Water Quality in Newport Bay, a Saltwater Wetland and Tidal Embayment in Southern California

Pednekar

Grant

Jeong

et al. 2005

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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“…• Natural mortality Horizontal subsurface wetlands generally provide between 0.4-and 3-log 10 removal of protozoan parasites; 23 1-to 2-log 10 removal of Giardia and Cryptosporidium in subsurface wetlands with 4 days retention. 24 Helminth egg removal is likely related to wetland or rock filter length; 23 a concentration of It is currently impractical to monitor the concentrations of all human pathogens in wastewater on a routine basis. The common approach thus far has been to use surrogate organisms as a proxy to estimate the removal of actual pathogens.…”

Section: Physical Filtrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been proposed that natural wastewater treatment systems that combine aquatic units with subsurface or soil-based units may provide more efficient overall removal of all pathogen types. 24…”

Section: Mechanisms Rates and Indicators Of Pathogen Removal In Natural Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Emerging challenges for pathogen control and resource recovery in natural wastewater treatment systems

et al. 2015

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Natural wastewater treatment systems have been used for centuries to recover resources through agriculture and aquaculture water reuse. Because the management of wastewater using natural methods relies on the integration of environmental, engineered, economic, and social systems, pathogens cannot be effectively monitored and controlled in these systems using a single approach or a single indicator organism (e.g., monitoring for coliform indicator bacteria). Different types of pathogens are removed at different rates in natural wastewater treatment systems and certain diseases are more important in some regions than they are in others. For natural systems in tropical regions that incorporate water reuse for agriculture or aquaculture, parasites such as soil‐transmitted helminths, Schistosoma, Taenia, or food‐transmitted trematodes may be of greater public health concern than some bacterial pathogens. Professionals and practitioners must consider how social and environmental systems might be shaped by the use of natural wastewater management systems, and how, in turn, natural wastewater management may impact existing socio‐environmental relationships. Because of this, effective pathogen monitoring and control in natural wastewater treatment systems requires coordinated participation from stakeholders in multiple sectors. WIREs Water 2015, 2:701–714. doi: 10.1002/wat2.1101 This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Water, Health, and Sanitation

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Protozoan Parasites: Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

Schwartzbrod

Maux

Chesnot

2003

Encyclopedia of Environmental Microbiology

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Optimization of Artificial Wetland Design for Removal of Indicator Microorganisms and Pathogenic Protozoa

Cited by 32 publications

References 2 publications

Influence of Climate Change, Tidal Mixing, and Watershed Urbanization on Historical Water Quality in Newport Bay, a Saltwater Wetland and Tidal Embayment in Southern California

Influence of Climate Change, Tidal Mixing, and Watershed Urbanization on Historical Water Quality in Newport Bay, a Saltwater Wetland and Tidal Embayment in Southern California

Emerging challenges for pathogen control and resource recovery in natural wastewater treatment systems

Protozoan Parasites: Fate in Wastewater Treatment Plants

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