Optimization of an Integrated Hybrid Onboard Charger with High Efficiency of MPPT Solar Charger for Sustainable Energy of 3-Wheel Solar E-Rickshaw and Electric Vehicles

Abstract

In this paper, we study methodologies to improve the efficiency of MPPT solar boost converter (48V-10A) of the hybrid onboard charger (HOBC) for sustainable energy (SE) of 3-wheel Solar E-Rickshaw (3-WSE-Rickshaw) and electric vehicles (EVs). Based on our application for the mini-electric vehicles (MEVs) or lowspeed electric vehicles (LSEVs) and e-rickshaw with the storage batteries voltage of only 48V. The auxiliary PV solar array lower than 500W-40Vis recommended for use in this study. In this case, the voltage of solar PV is lower than the battery voltage. This means the PV cannot charge to the battery system directly. A boost voltage circuit charger higher than 48V is needed including a maximum power point tracking algorithm. To achieve the fastcharging option we provide three main methods of DC-DC boost topology, MPPT P&O control algorithms, and constant current-constant voltage (CC-CV) controller. Also included is a charging data read-record graphic of the MPPT charging stage, constant voltage charging stage, and float charging stage (MPPT-CV-Float-Charging Stage). The data is used to express and analyze on battery charger's characteristics. Moreover, the magnetic circuit is a very important key design technique for storing and transferring energy in a power converter. A good design of magnetic inductor gives a better result in low power losses of magnetic coreloss (MCL), winding copper loss (WCL), and stable energy conversion.

Modeling and Simulation of a Double-Stage Single-Phase Grid-Connected PV System

“…A control unit microcontroller or DSP device may be used to execute the P&O MPPT algorithm [7], [8], as shown in Fig. 4's flowchart, which is based on the procedure described in [9].…”