Optimization of an Electrochemical Sensor for Determination of Imidacloprid Based on β‐cyclodextrin Electropolymerization on Glassy Carbon Electrode

Abstract

An electrochemical sensor based on electropolymerization of β‐cyclodextrin (β‐CD) on a glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed for the determination of imidacloprid (IMP). That insecticide is the most commonly used insecticides globally and has been related to the death of bee colonies around the world are imperative. So the development of a simple, cheap and sensitive method for IMP determination is essential. This work aims the modification of a GCE by β‐CD film. The analytical response obtained with GCCE/β‐CD in the presence of the IMP showed an increase in the peak current variation of 947 % in relation to the bare GCE, indicating that the analyte was encapsulated in the β‐CD increasing the detection sensitivity. The followed experimental conditions were optimized: potential range (−1.3 to 0.9 V), presence or absence of dissolved oxygen (presence) and stirring during the electropolymerization (with agitation), number of cycles (5 scans), electrolyte pH (pH=5.0), scan rate (100 mV s−1) and concentration of β‐CD (6 mol L−1). The optimization promoted a peak current variation increase of 57 %, developing a more sensitivity methodology.

Cyclodextrins as Supramolecular Recognition Systems: Applications in the Fabrication of Electrochemical Sensors

“…Acidic conditions are generally used with the polymer being generated in slightly acidic phosphate buffer [133,134], or in the presence of HClO 4 [135,136]. These polyβ-CDs have been deposited at carbon paste electrodes [136,137], glassy carbon [138][139][140], and rGO decorated screen printed electrodes [129], and combined with CNTs [141,142], rGO [132,133,143], boron-doped rGO [134], TiO 2 [144], and gold nanoparticles [145].…”

“…The CNHs have been combined with β-CD to give a hybrid material with extremely high electrochemiluminescent (ECL) activity for luminol and an effective and selective Although the electropolymerization mechanism is not fully understood and the origins of peaks I, II, and III in Figure 6 have yet to be fully explained, these poly-β-CD-based sensors have been employed successfully. Indeed, these sensors have been used in the electrochemical detection of biomolecules [129,131,135,142,145], insecticides [132,140,141], and heavy metal ions [136].…”

Microporous carbon for fast and simple electrochemical detection of imidacloprid insecticide in fruit and water samples

“…As imidacloprid has a moiety that can undergo a reduction reaction in aqueous environment, simple electrochemical methods which can be operated by handheld device can thus provide fast, sensitive, and low-cost detection of imidacloprid. 17–29…”

Determination of Imidacloprid Based on the Development of a Glassy Carbon Electrode Modified with Reduced Graphene Oxide and Manganese (II) Phthalocyanine

“…Considering that bees are economically considered the most important class of pollinators and that about 35 % of the world‘s crop production depends on pollinators, it is known that the importance of bees is fundamental . Therefore, studies that associate the losses od bees to the use of insecticides become essential.…”