Optimization of Alkaline Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Effect on Immune Function in Mice

Huang, Shushi; Li, Jinwei; Zhou, Wang; Pan, Hua-Xin; Chen, Jiangxu; Zheng-xiang, Ning

doi:10.3390/molecules15053694

Cited by 66 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(23 reference statements)

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“…Results of immunological assays have shown that the alkaline soluble polysaccharides of Ganoderma lucidum do not have any noticeable effect on monocyte phagocytosis and immune organ (spleen, thymus) weight of immunocompromised mice at the tested dosages [20]. Both in vitro and in vivo studies of Xu et al [21] suggested that anti-tumor activities of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides are mediated by their immunomodulatory, anti-angiogenic, and cytotoxic effects.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental immunology Modulation of murine macrophages phagocytic activity by polysaccharide extract from Chenopodium bonus-henricus

Zăhan¹,

Miclea²,

Criste³

et al. 2013

cejoi

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Experimental immunology Modulation of murine macrophages phagocytic activity by polysaccharide extract from Chenopodium bonus-henricus

Zăhan¹,

Miclea²,

Criste³

et al. 2013

cejoi

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“…Generally, most polysaccharides are extracted using water-extract-alcohol precipitation methods [87,88]. The solubility and extraction efficiency in water depends on the molecular weight of the polysaccharide and water temperature, with lower molecular weight and hot water showing increased efficiency [89].…”

Section: Extraction Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways

Jesuthasan

Bishop

Glucina³

et al. 2013

FFHD

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Ganoderma lucidum, commonly referred to as Lingzhi, has been used in Asia for health promotion for centuries. The anti-cancer effects of G. lucidum have been demonstrated in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In addition, the observed anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma have prompted its usage by cancer patients alongside chemotherapy.The main two bioactive components of G. lucidum can be broadly grouped into triterpenes and polysaccharides. Despite triterpenes and polysaccharides being widely known as the major active ingredients, the different biological pathways by which they exert their anti-cancer effect remain poorly defined. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of action may lead to more widespread use of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.The aim of this paper is to summarise the various bioactive mechanisms that have been proposed for the anti-cancer properties of triterpenes and polysaccharides extracted from G. lucidum. A literature search of published papers on NCBI with keywords "Ganoderma" and "cancer" was performed. Among those, studies which specifically examined the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides were selected to be included in this paper.We have found five potential mechanisms which are associated with the anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma triterpenes and three potential mechanisms for Ganoderma polysaccharides. In addition, G. lucidum has been used in combination with known anti-cancer agents to improve the anti-cancer efficacies. This suggests Ganoderma's bioactive pathways may compliment that of anti-cancer agents. In this paper we present several potential anti-cancer mechanisms of Ganoderma triterpenes and polysaccharides which can be used for the development of Ganoderma as an anti-cancer agent.

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“…It shared the same trend as reported by Cai et al (2008). At higher extraction temperature decreased the yield of mucilage/ polysaccharides due to the hydrolysis of the polysaccharide (Huang et al, 2010;Karazhiyan et al, 2010). Table 1 shows the yield of mucilage at different extraction condition.…”

Section: Yield Of Mucilagementioning

confidence: 99%

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCILAGE FROM LEAVES OF Pereskia bleo (ROSE CACTUS)

Hong

Ibrahim

2012

jtip

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Pereskia bleo (rose cactus) is a type of tropical herbs which has long been used for its medicinal benefits among Malays and is also known to contain complex polysaccharide called mucilage. In this study, mucilage from leaves of rose cactus was extracted by using distilled water or 0.14 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution at three different temperatures (i.e. 50°C, 70°C or 90°C). There was a significant (p<0.05) interaction effect between type of medium used and temperature on yield of mucilage. Extraction using 0.14 M NaOH solution at 70°C provided the highest yield (2.55%) of mucilage as compared to other extraction conditions. The mucilage extracted with 0.14 M NaOH solution at 70°C was further characterized in terms of physicochemical properties and compared with arabic gum. The crude protein, moisture and ash content of the mucilage were 4.81%, 13.59% and 28.67% respectively. It possessed appreciable amount of elements such as calcium (48.96 mg/g sample), and potassium (15.58 mg/g sample). The pH value of the mucilage was 10.89 (alkaline) and it exhibited a clear thixotropic flow behavior with acceptable emulsion capacity (7.08%) and stability (7.31%) at 1% concentration. The colour of the mucilage and water holding capacity (WHC) was L*= 68.81, and 461.87 % respectively. These findings suggest that rose cactus mucilage could be an interesting functional food ingredient as it originated from a well-known medicinal plant though further study should be done in order to fully understand its potential as one of alternative food hydrocolloids. Keywords

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Optimization of Alkaline Extraction of Polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum and Their Effect on Immune Function in Mice

Cited by 66 publications

References 23 publications

Experimental immunology Modulation of murine macrophages phagocytic activity by polysaccharide extract from Chenopodium bonus-henricus

Experimental immunology Modulation of murine macrophages phagocytic activity by polysaccharide extract from Chenopodium bonus-henricus

Anti-cancer activities of Ganoderma lucidum: active ingredients and pathways

EXTRACTION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF MUCILAGE FROM LEAVES OF Pereskia bleo (ROSE CACTUS)

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