Optimization of active antioxidative defatted Canarium indicum L. (Canary) protein hydrolysate production

Abstract

Defatted Canary (Canarium indicum L.) as an oilcake was used as a nutraceutical due to its high protein content (36.039%). One of its applications is the preparation of protein hydrolysate using enzymes, namely, papain, flavourzyme, and pepsin. The production was performed using the Box-Behnken response surface methodology, which involves three factors and three levels, namely, concentration [E/S], hydrolysis time, and hydrolysis temperature which are all factors to be considered. The antioxidant test on the sample was used as a parameter for determining the optimal conditions. In addition, other properties, namely, protein content, degree of hydrolysis, and SDS-PAGE electropherogram profile, were also analyzed to determine the character of the product. The results showed that the optimum process for producing antioxidative protein hydrolysate with papain (A13), flavourzyme (B1), and pepsin (C14) was performed at 60°C, 50°C, and 42°C, with an enzyme concentration of 0.55%, 0.55%, and 0.1% (w/v) for 3, 1, and 3 h, respectively. Furthermore, the antioxidant activity (IC 50 ) values of each hydrolysate were 2.622 ± 0.072 (A13), 0.426 ± 0.008 (B1), and 0.195 ± 0.001 mg/mL (C14). This implies that the protein hydrolysate produced by pepsin has the highest antioxidant activity.

Effect of Dietary Canarium indicum L. on the Growth, Health, and Resistance of Asian Seabass Challenged with Vibrio alginolyticus

“…After the challenge test, the C. indicum treatment showed that the concentrations of total erythrocytes and leukocytes, hematocrit levels, hemoglobin, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst activity, and lysozyme activity were better than those in the positive control treatment. C. indicum can prevent V. alginolyticus infection because it helps the immune system function as an exogenous antioxidant (Apsari et al, 2023). In addition, vitamin E, vitamin C, and polyphenolic compounds also act as antioxidants (Carr and Maggini, 2017;Lee and Han, 2018;Rudrapal et al, 2022).…”