Optimization of a Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Employing a Ureasil/Sulfolane Gel Electrolyte

Σταθάτος, Ηλίας; Lianos, Panagiotis; Vuk, Angela Šurca; Orel, B.

doi:10.1002/adfm.200304479

Cited by 80 publications

(57 citation statements)

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“…Compared with the case of the DSSC using the gel electrolyte, the J sc has enhanced by 1.1 mA cm −2 and the V oc by 90 mV. The high V oc value (0.74 V) of the DSSC with a quasi-solid electrolyte is comparable to the best values obtained by others, using similar quasi-solid-state electrolytes [8,12,18,19]. This V oc value kinetically manifests a low degree of back electron transfer from the TiO 2 conduction band to the I − 3 in the electrolyte (equation (1)) [2,20].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with siloxane poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid gel electrolyte

Joseph¹,

Son²,

Vittal³

et al. 2006

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 72%

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with siloxane poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid gel electrolyte

Joseph¹,

Son²,

Vittal³

et al. 2006

Semicond. Sci. Technol.

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“…[5], gave a performance of 5.5 %. It is interesting to note that this efficiency was the same as in the case of the previously constructed cell, [5] and this shows that the procedures used to make the present cells give consistent and reproducible results. The highest efficiency was obtained with the two-layer cell of Figure 2c, i.e., 6.9 %.…”

Section: By Elias Stathatos and Panagiotis Lianos*mentioning

confidence: 94%

“…The cell of Figure 2b, based on a titania film exclusively made with Triton X-100 templates, similar to that of Ref. [5], gave a performance of 5.5 %. It is interesting to note that this efficiency was the same as in the case of the previously constructed cell, [5] and this shows that the procedures used to make the present cells give consistent and reproducible results.…”

Section: By Elias Stathatos and Panagiotis Lianos*mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Indeed, as it has been previously reported, [4] such electrodes gave DSCs with efficiency > 9 %, i.e., not far from the reported maximum. The DSC of ref.[ When the same electrodes were used to construct quasi-solid state DSCs, where the redox couple I 3 -/I -was incorporated into a sol-gel nanocomposite organic-inorganic gel, efficiency dropped [5] but it was still at satisfactory levels of 5.3 %. This efficiency decrease was due to current decrease, which in turn was due to lower ionic mobility in the gel.…”

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confidence: 93%

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Increase of the Efficiency of Quasi‐Solid State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by a Synergy between Titania Nanocrystallites of Two Distinct Nanoparticle Sizes

Σταθάτος

Lianos

2007

Advanced Materials

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Nanocrystalline titanium dioxide electrodes are standard choice for the construction of Dye-sensitized Solar Cells (DSC). Nanocrystallinity, small number of defect sites, optimized electrical conduct between nanoparticles and sufficient active surface area are crucial factors, which determine the quality of the electrodes and, subsequently, the overall efficiency of the cell. The maximum efficiency of DSC ever reported [1] was around 10.4 % and referred to cells based on a liquid electrolyte and on non-transparent Light-Scattering Electrodes (LSE) of 18mm thickness. For several years, we have made efforts to reach comparable cell efficiencies with DSC's employing thinner transparent TiO 2 electrodes by optimizing the synthesis and deposition procedures. The motive of these efforts is related with the prospect of utilizing such transparent cells as photovoltaic windows. LSEs do not offer this possibility but, instead, they entrap light and result in higher cell efficiencies. In order for Transparent Electrodes (TE) to reach performance of LSE, it is necessary that the former are deposited with optimized parameters: good quality nanocrystals without defects, compact enough films to allow sufficient electric contact between nanoparticles and sufficient mesoporosity to allow dye-sensitizer and electrolyte filling. We have achieved this goal by synthesizing titania through the sol-gel procedure in the presence of surfactant templates under ambient conditions. Spatially isolated self-organized entities seem to encourage formation of good quality nanosrystalline particles. For example, reverse micelles dispersed in an organic solvent, originally used to synthesize CdS nanocrystals [2] proved excellent templates for TiO 2 nanocrystals as well.[3] However, reverse micelles are rather costly and less environmentally friendly systems. It has been found that simpler systems can offer similar results and more handy experimental procedures. Thus organic acid solvolysis of titanium isopropoxide in the presence of the non-ionic surfactant Triton X-100 (polyoxyethylene-(10) isooctylphenyl ether), can assist nanocrystalline anatase deposition [4] with nanoparticle size of around 12 nm and active surface area around 110 m 2 g -1 . About 2 lm thick TE were made by subsequent layer deposition by dipping under ambient conditions. Organic acid solvolysis in the absence of water has the advantage of slow sol-gel evolution that allows surfactant assembling and shell formation around titania core. The choice of this route was rewarding. Indeed, as it has been previously reported, [4] such electrodes gave DSCs with efficiency > 9 %, i.e., not far from the reported maximum. The DSC of ref.[ When the same electrodes were used to construct quasi-solid state DSCs, where the redox couple I 3 -/I -was incorporated into a sol-gel nanocomposite organic-inorganic gel, efficiency dropped [5] but it was still at satisfactory levels of 5.3 %. This efficiency decrease was due to current decrease, which in turn was due to lower ionic mobility in the gel...

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“…However, the use of ILs still introduces the problem of sealing and electrolyte leakage issues. Replacing the liquid electrolytes in the DSSCs with a solid (Byrne et al, 2013) or gel/quasi-solid state electrolyte is expected to address these problems (Stathatos et al, 2004). Various approaches have been employed to prepare gel/quasi-solid state electrolytes for DSSCs (Lan et al, 2006;Lan et al, 2007;Suresh et al, 2011;Zhang et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The optimisation of dye sensitised solar cell working electrodes for graphene and SWCNTs containing quasi-solid state electrolytes

et al. 2014

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Publication informationSolar Energy, 110 (2014): 239-246 Publisher ElsevierItem record/more information http://hdl.handle.net/10197/6108 Publisher's statement þÿ T h i s i s t h e a u t h o r s v e r s i o n o f a w o r k t h a t w a s a c c e p t e d f o r p u b l i c a t i o n i n S o l a r E n e r g y .Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, Highlights• Graphene & CNT based quasi-solid state electrolytes for dye sensitised solar cells.• Charge transfer resistances at counter electrode reduced by almost a factor of 50.• Optimisation of DSSC working electrodes for quasi-solid state electrolytes.• Significant performance improvement for quasi-solid state DSSC is achieved. AbstractIn this study, we report improved power conversion efficiencies of various carbon based quasi-solid state electrolytes/DSSCs by optimising the thickness of TiO 2 layer, incorporation of TiO 2 scattering layer and application of dense compact surface layers of TiO 2 on working electrodes. Single wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) based quasi-solid state electrolytes showed increased power conversion efficiencies from 1.43 % to 3.49 %. For the mixture of graphene and SWCNTs the power conversion efficiencies improved from 2.50 % to 2.93 %.However, graphene based quasi-solid state electrolytes displayed small decreases in power conversion efficiencies from 2.10 % to 1.96 % due to the more viscous nature of this electrolyte. Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) demonstrated that the addition of these various carbon based nanomaterials into PMII significantly decreases the charge transfer resistance at the counter electrode and hence the much better performance obtained with carbon based quasi-solid state electrolytes compared to pure PMII based DSSCs.

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Optimization of a Quasi‐Solid‐State Dye‐Sensitized Photoelectrochemical Solar Cell Employing a Ureasil/Sulfolane Gel Electrolyte

Cited by 80 publications

References 16 publications

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with siloxane poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid gel electrolyte

Quasi-solid-state dye-sensitized solar cells with siloxane poly(ethylene glycol) hybrid gel electrolyte

Increase of the Efficiency of Quasi‐Solid State Dye‐Sensitized Solar Cells by a Synergy between Titania Nanocrystallites of Two Distinct Nanoparticle Sizes

The optimisation of dye sensitised solar cell working electrodes for graphene and SWCNTs containing quasi-solid state electrolytes

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