Optimization of a packet video receiver under different levels of delay jitter: an analytical approach

Laoutaris, Nikolaos; Houdt, Benny Van; Stavrakakis, Ioannis

doi:10.1016/j.peva.2003.07.004

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Dynamic regulation of MU durations can be used to improve intrastream synchronization quality. The threshold-based schemes [5,33] are quite simple to implement, while systems that require some offline optimization are more complex [6,32,35].…”

Section: Discussion and Implemented Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Markov decision theory is employed for the derivation of the optimal playout policy for a certain level of network jitter. This work has been extended in [35] to encompass different levels of network jitter. By calculating in advance (offline) the optimal playout policy for some common levels of network jitter, a playout scheduler can use a jitter estimator and adaptively "load" the appropriate offline-computed optimal policy, and thus approach the optimal performance in a dynamic environment at low complexity (no online optimization required).…”

Section: Buffer Occupancy Control With Dynamic Regulation Of the Duramentioning

confidence: 99%

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Intrastream synchronization for continuous media streams: a survey of playout schedulers

Laoutaris

Stavrakakis

2002

IEEE Network

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ontinuous media are characterized by well defined temporal relationships between subsequent media units (MUs). Information is only conveyed when these temporal relationships are preserved at presentation time (if altered during the transportation they need to be reconstructed prior to presentation). The reconstruction of temporal relationships between MUs of the same stream is referred to as intrastream synchronization. For video presentations, the temporal relationship refers to the spacing between subsequent frames, which is dictated by the frame production rate, typically 25 or 30 frames/s. For packet audio, the basic MU is a voice sample, and the spacing between voice samples is determined by the sampling process. Temporal relationships also exist between MUs that belong to different streams, when these streams are to be consumed concurrently, as in an orchestrated audiovisual presentation (the lip synchronization problem). The problem of synchronization between different but related streams is called interstream synchronization and is outside the scope of this article. For intermedia synchronization issues, the reader is referred to [1][2][3][4].A packet media receiver consists of a playout buffer for the temporary storage of incoming MUs and a playout scheduler for the presentation of MUs. The role of the scheduler is to provide a presentation schedule that resembles as much as possible the temporal relationships that were created by the encoding process. In doing so, the scheduler employs MU buffering, the extent of which is bounded by the maximum end-to-end delay tolerance of the application. Bidirectional applications such as desktop videoconferencing place very strict latency requirements, typically a few hundreds of milliseconds. On the other hand, unidirectional applications such as video on demand (VOD) allow for much larger latencies that range from around 1 s for responsive Web-based distribution of short video clips to several minutes in near-VOD systems. All the proposed schemes provide for some compromise between the intrastream synchronization quality and the increase of end-to-end delay due to the buffering of MUs. At the two extremes of this continuum of choices we have the bufferless scheduler, which provides for minimal stream delay by presenting frames as soon as they arrive, and the assured synchronization method, which completely eliminates the effects of jitter at the expense of a long stream delay.In what follows we attempt to provide a structured presentation of proposed playout schedulers by examining the way they tackle the fundamental trade-off between the synchronization quality and imposed delay. Alongside the operational comparison of different schemes, an effort is made to indicate their suitability for different real-world applications. The remainder of the article is organized as follows. Some background material and an outline are presented. We discuss the appropriateness of the various schemes for different media types. We present the family of time-oriented playout schedul...

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Section: Discussion and Implemented Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Buffer Occupancy Control With Dynamic Regulation Of the Duramentioning

confidence: 99%

Intrastream synchronization for continuous media streams: a survey of playout schedulers

Laoutaris

Stavrakakis

2002

IEEE Network

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“…This leads to the effects of fast forward to the users. Laoutaris et al [14] adopt the same mechanism but use the Markov decision process (MDP) to optimally determine the video playback rate at different channel conditions.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Substituting (14) into (8) and (9), we can obtain the CDF of (15) and its p.d.f. (16) The moment generating function (m.g.f.…”

Section: ) Diffusion Approximationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of Network Dynamics on User's Video Quality: Analytical Framework and QoS Provision

Luan

Cai

Shen

2010

IEEE Trans. Multimedia

109

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Abstract-We develop an analytical framework to investigate the impacts of network dynamics on the user perceived video quality. Our investigation stands from the end user's perspective by analyzing the receiver playout buffer. In specific, we model the playback buffer at the receiver by a 1 and 1 queue, respectively, with arbitrary patterns of packet arrival and playback. We then examine the transient queue length of the buffer using the diffusion approximation. We obtain the closed-form expressions of the video quality in terms of the start-up delay, fluency of video playback and packet loss, and represent them by the network statistics, i.e., the average network throughput and delay jitter. Based on the analytical framework, we propose adaptive playout buffer management schemes to optimally manage the threshold of video playback towards the maximal user utility, according to different quality-of-service requirements of end users. The proposed framework is validated by extensive simulations.Index Terms-Diffusion approximation, playout buffer, qualitydriven.

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“…Playout policies for video receivers have been studied extensively in the past for the client-server case, involving a single server and multiple, independently operating, receivers [2,1]. P2P streaming systems, however, are fundamentally different.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the benefits of synchronized playout in peer-to-peer streaming

Vassilakis

Laoutaris

Stavrakakis

2006

Proceedings of the 2006 ACM CoNEXT Conference on - CoNEXT '06

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Optimization of a packet video receiver under different levels of delay jitter: an analytical approach

Cited by 14 publications

References 26 publications

Intrastream synchronization for continuous media streams: a survey of playout schedulers

Intrastream synchronization for continuous media streams: a survey of playout schedulers

Impact of Network Dynamics on User's Video Quality: Analytical Framework and QoS Provision

On the benefits of synchronized playout in peer-to-peer streaming

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