Optimization of a microwave-assisted extraction method for the analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from fish samples

Analysis of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in fish: Optimisation and validation of microwave-assisted extraction

“…Regarding the repeatability of the optimised methodology, ex-pressed as RSD, values were lower than 7%. The results obtained are in general agreement with other works that used the same SRM 2977 and applied different PAH extraction procedures devel-oped specially for bivalve mollusks (Fernández-González et al, 2010;Fuoco et al, 2005;Pena et al, 2006;Sanz-Landaluze et al, 2006;Veyrand et al, 2007;Yusà, Pardo, Martí, & Pastor, 2005). Fur-thermore, results are comparable or in line with those reached by Serpe et al (2010) that validated a complex sample preparation methodology involving alkaline digestion, liquid-liquid extraction and solid phase clean-up for determination of 11 PAHs in mussels by LC with fluorescence detection.…”

“…The overall mean recoveries obtained at each level were 85.1 ± 8.9% for level I, 84.7 ± 9.5% for level II, 82.3 ± 9.3% for level III and 81.1 ± 9.8% for level IV. The reported results are in accor-dance with previous related studies (Akpambang et al, 2009;El-Saeid, 2006;Pena et al, 2006;Soclo et al, 2008). Pena et al (2006) Validation was also performed by using a certified reference material since spiked solid matrices are known to be more easily extractable than real environmental matrices.…”

“…The reported results are in accor-dance with previous related studies (Akpambang et al, 2009;El-Saeid, 2006;Pena et al, 2006;Soclo et al, 2008). Pena et al (2006) Validation was also performed by using a certified reference material since spiked solid matrices are known to be more easily extractable than real environmental matrices. Although no SRM of naturally contaminated fish with PAHs was available, the developed methodology was tested with a more difficult matrix, a SRM of freeze-dried tissue homogenate prepared from marine bivalve mollusk.…”

“…Several authors have compared a range of extraction techniques, such as Soxhlet extraction (Janska, Tomaniova, Hajslova, & Koco-urek, 2006), ultrasonic extraction (Janska et al, 2006), supercritical fluid extraction, pressurised liquid extraction (Duedahl-Olesen & Ghorbani, 2008), matrix solid-phase dispersion (Pensado, Casais, Mejuto, & Cela, 2005) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) (Akpambang et al, 2009;El-Saeid, 2006;Pena et al, 2006;Soclo, Budzinski, Garrigues, & Matsuzawa, 2008). The ability to rapidly heat the sample-solvent mixture is inherent to MAE and the main advantage of this technique.…”

Novel approaches to determination of PAHs and halogenated POPs in canned fish

“…To increase the laboratory throughput and reduce the required workload, automated procedures enabling a short extraction time, such as supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) (Antunes & Bernardo-Gil 2003;Rodil et al 2005Rodil et al , 2007García-Rodríguez et al 2008), microwave assisted extraction (MAE) (Bayen et al 2004;Pena et al 2006;Barriada-Pereira et al 2008), and pressurised liquid extraction (PLE) (Suchan et al 2004;Liguori et al 2006;Losada et al 2009) have been reported in many studies. Moreover, the efficiency of PLE can be increased by the addition of a purification phase into the PLE cell which allows a pre-purification step resulting in a higher method selectivity (Björklund et al 2001;Gómez-Ariza et al 2002;Sporring & Björklund 2004;Lund et al 2009).…”