Optimization of a catalytic combustor using electrosprayed liquid hydrocarbons for mesoscale power generation

Kyritsis, Dimitrios C.; Coriton, Bruno; Faure, Fabien; Roychoudhury, Subir; Gomez, Alessandro

doi:10.1016/j.combustflame.2004.06.010

Cited by 89 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…The reader should also note that much of the research carried out on electrified sprays such as work by Gomez and Tang (1994), Jaworek and Krupa (1999), and Kyritsis et al (2004), all pertain to conducting or semi-conducting liquids, while this paper extends work (Shrimpton andYule 1995, 1999;Kelly 1984;Kim and Turnbull 1976;Rigit and Shrimpton 2006a, b) that pertains to electrically insulating dielectric liquids. The electrostatic atomization of dielectric liquids is a research area that has received persistent attention in the last few decades (Shrimpton andYule 1995, 1999;Kelly 1984;Kim and Turnbull 1976;Rigit and Shrimpton 2006a, b).…”

Section: Charge Injection Atomizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Combined aerodynamic and electrostatic atomization of dielectric liquid jets

et al. 2012

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The electrical and atomization performance of a plane-plane charge injection atomizer using a dielectric liquid, and operating at pump pressures ranging from 15 to 35 bar corresponding to injection velocities of up to 50 m/s, is explored via low current electrical measurements, spray imaging and phase Doppler anemometry. The work is aimed at understanding the contribution of electrostatic charging relevant to typical higher pressure fuel injection systems such as those employed in the aeronautical, automotive and marine sectors. Results show that mean-specific charge increases with injection velocity significantly. The effect of electrostatic charge is advantageous at the 15-35 bar range, and an arithmetic mean diameter D 10 as low as 0.2d is achievable in the spray core and lower still in the periphery where d is the orifice diameter. Using the data available from this higher pressure system and from previous high Reynolds number systems (Shrimpton and Yule Exp Fluids 26:460-469, 1999), the promotion of primary atomization has been analysed by examining the effect that charge has on liquid jet surface and liquid jet bulk instability. The results suggest that for the low charge density Q v * 2 C/m 3 cases under consideration here, a significant increase in primary atomization is observed due to a combination of electrical and aerodynamic forces acting on the jet surface, attributed to the significantly higher jet Weber number (We j ) when compared to low injection pressure cases. Analysis of Sauter mean diameter results shows that for jets with elevated specific charge density of the order Q v * 6 C/m 3 , the jet creates droplets that a conventional turbulent jet would, but with a significantly lower power requirement. This suggests that 'turbulent' primary atomization, the turbulence being induced by electrical forces, may be achieved under injection pressures that would produce laminar jets. List of symbols aOrifice plate thickness (m) C Empirical model coefficient d Orifice diameter (m or lm) D Droplet diameter (m or lm) E Applied electric field (V/m) F Volume flow rate (m 3 /s) I L Leakage current (lA) I S Spray current (lA) L Inter-electrode gap (m or lm) L break Jet break-up length (m or cm) P Applied pressure (Bar) Q v Spray-specific charge (C/m 3 ) u inj Liquid injection velocity (m/s) V Applied voltage (volt or kilovolt) z Downstream position (m or cm) Greek d 0 Perturbation scale (m) e Electrical permittivity (Farad/m) j Ionic mobility (m 2 /Vs) k Wavelength (nm) K Integral length scale (m) l Dynamic viscosity (Pas) q Density (kg/m 3 ) r Surface tension (N/m) s Timescale (s or ms)

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Section: Charge Injection Atomizationmentioning

confidence: 94%

Combined aerodynamic and electrostatic atomization of dielectric liquid jets

et al. 2012

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“…The multi-jet mode was regarded as a variant of cone-jet mode. Kyritsis et al [20] pointed out the advantage of the multi-jet mode. For the same total flow rate, the sharing of the flow rate between multiple jets thus yields both finer drops and much higher emission frequencies than in the single cone-jet mode.…”

Section: Multi-jet Modementioning

confidence: 98%

“…The jet fuelJP8 (Jet Propellant 8) was electro-sprayed at a flow rate on the order of 10 g/h and combusted under the equivalence ratios varying from 0.35 to 0.70 with estimated combustion efficiency of 97%. Further they studied the performance of a combustor with liquid fuel electro-spray injection through a stack of catalytically coated grids [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The electro-spraying characteristics of ethanol for application in a small-scale combustor under combined electric field

Gan

Zhibin

Cheng

et al. 2015

Applied Thermal Engineering

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“…It is unlikely that large-scale applications such as fuel dispersion in gas turbines will ever be candidates, since individual nozzles can issue on the order of 1 cc/h of fuel or less for small droplet generation. Small-scale combustion applications for liquid-fueled batteries, which originally motivated this study, are a much better prospective (Kyritsis et al, 2004). More generally, it is likely that the electrospray will remain still somewhat limited in flow rate.…”

Section: Multiplexing Scale-up and Potential Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Increase of electrospray throughput using multiplexed microfabricated sources for the scalable generation of monodisperse droplets

Deng

Klemic

et al. 2006

Journal of Aerosol Science

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138

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The development, fabrication, and testing of a compact multiplexed system of electrosprays are presented with the dual goal of increasing by orders of magnitude the liquid flow rate to be dispersed and of retaining the quasimonodispersity of the generated droplets. The system was microfabricated as an array of nozzles etched in silicon, with a density of 250 sources/cm 2 . Although the operation of a single electrospray is rather forgiving with respect to the electrode geometry, successful performance of the multiplexed system is critically dependent on a careful selection of the electrode configuration, which in the present work entails an extractor electrode mounted at a distance from the spray sources that is comparable to the distance between sources (on the order of 0.5 mm). The electrode has the dual function of limiting electric field cross-talk between neighboring sources and minimizing space charge feedback from the spray cloud. Measurements of current and droplet size as a function of flow rate and of droplet size distribution using ethanol demonstrated that the system may be optimized to produce uniform droplets simultaneously from all parallelized electrosprays, each one operating as an isolated spray in the quasimonodisperse cone-jet mode. Ease of operation and uniformity in size from spray to spray require strategies to increase the pressure drop in the liquid flow path and/or to uniformize the electric field at the spray sources.

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Optimization of a catalytic combustor using electrosprayed liquid hydrocarbons for mesoscale power generation

Cited by 89 publications

References 20 publications

Combined aerodynamic and electrostatic atomization of dielectric liquid jets

Combined aerodynamic and electrostatic atomization of dielectric liquid jets

The electro-spraying characteristics of ethanol for application in a small-scale combustor under combined electric field

Increase of electrospray throughput using multiplexed microfabricated sources for the scalable generation of monodisperse droplets

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