“…There are multiple ways of modelling the passenger arrival, boarding, and alighting processes at a station. The very nature of the problem can result in some complex models characterised by several parameters, whose calibration will likely require the availability of vast quantities of data (e.g., Gur and Ben-Shabat, 1997 , Liu et al, 2021 , van Oort et al, 2015 , Wang et al, 2011 , Li et al, 2011 , Ji et al, 2015 , Huang et al, 2020 , Sun et al, 2021 , Tao and Tang, 2019 ). Here, simplified models are developed and employed.…”