Optimization, in vitro release and toxicity evaluation of novel pH sensitive itaconic acid-g-poly(acrylamide)/sterculia gum semi-interpenetrating networks

Development and evaluation of pH sensitive semi-interpenetrating networks: assessing the impact of itaconic acid and aloe vera on network swelling and cetirizine release

“…Afterward, swelling decreased, as shown in Figure 3B , which may be due to the development of a dense polymeric network where swelling and penetration of dissolution media were difficult. Our observations are consistent with previous studies where swelling of hydrogel increased with an increase in the concentration of pH-sensitive monomers up to a certain concentration and then decreased afterward ( Ajaz et al, 2021 ; Rehman et al, 2021 ).…”

“…Here, upon increasing the concentration of the monomer, there was a higher crosslinking that ultimately enhanced the gel percent of hydrogels. Previous studies presented similar observations where IA-g-poly (acrylamide)/sterculia gum semi-IPN showed higher gel % with increasing content of monomers ( Rehman et al, 2021 ). Based on swelling and gel content, F5 was chosen as the optimum formulation for further testing and evaluation.…”

“…IA exhibited hydroxyl group (-OH) peak at 3,432 cm −1 , -carbonyl (-C=O) stretch of -COOH group at 1,702 cm −1 , and -C=C stretching at 1,631 cm -1 . Whereas, AAm demonstrated -CH group stretching at 3,102, 3,034, and 2,813 cm −1 , -HN stretching at 3,347 and 3,191 cm −1 , and -C = C peak at 1,648 cm −1 ( Rehman et al, 2021 ).…”

“…In literature, we have successfully demonstrated that our developed semi-IPN exhibited changes in its swelling behavior, network structure, and permeability with variations in pH to release the drug at the desired location. Existing literature shows that CTZ HCl from IA-g-poly (AAm)/sterculia gum ( Rehman et al, 2021 ) and sulfasalazine loaded in pectin-g-(PEG-co-MAA) pH-sensitive semi-IPN network released trapped molecules at a colonic pH ( Abbasi et al, 2019 ).…”

Self-Healing and Freeze-Resistant Boat-Fruited Sterculia Seed Polysaccharide/Silk Fiber Hydrogel for Wearable Strain Sensors

“…Boat-fruited Sterculia seeds are mature, dry seeds of Sterculia lychnophora Hance, belonging to the genus Sterculia of the Parasolaceae family . The BF was extracted from boat-fruited Sterculia seeds through thermal hydrolysis and was mainly composed of galacturonic acid, β- d -galactose, glucuronic acid, and l -rhamnose. , BF has a natural network-like structure with numerous hydrophilic groups, , which promote the formation of a hydrogel with a high water content and a porous structure. This structure characteristic makes BF different from general long-chain polysaccharides, so it is easier to quickly form a three-dimensional hydrogel network under the action of a cross-linking agent.…”