Optimization Based on Design of Experiments (DOE) Using Finite Element Model (FEM) Analysis Applied to Retrofitting the Church of Baldornon, Spain

Abstract

This study addresses the failures in the Church of Baldornon, in Gijón, Province of Asturias, Spain, and proposes a retrofitting procedure based on the design of experiments (DOE), finite element model (FEM) analysis, and experimental tests. The failures are due to lack of soil stiffness, giving rise to an important structural damage. To tackle this problem, a practical solution based on the nonlinear coupled analysis of the soil and a reinforced concrete structure by FEM is proposed. The solution is to strengthen the previous existing rock-filling wall by means of gunite concrete and counterforts with anchorages embedded in the soil. Finally, conclusions and lessons learned from this study are detailed.