Optimization and Validation of Root-Cutting Device for Chinese Cabbage Harvester Based on Discrete Element Method

Construction and parameter calibration of potato double‐layer flexible bonding model based on discrete‐element method

“…External forces lead to the breakage of bonds between particles, with the resulting ruptures reflecting key mechanical properties, such as model strength (Lu et al, 1997). When the normal limit stress and tangential ultimate stress surpass predefined thresholds (Zhang, Wang, et al, 2023), the fracture behavior of bonded bonds can be characterized as follows: $$$$ {\sigma}_{\mathrm{max}}<\frac{-{F}_n}{A_b}+\frac{2{M}_t}{J}{R}_b, $$$$ $$$$ {\tau}_{\mathrm{max}}<\frac{-{F}_n}{A_b}+\frac{2{M}_n}{J}{R}_b, $$$$ where $$$ {\sigma}_{\mathrm{max}} $$$ is the normal limit stress (MPa); $$$ {\tau}_{\mathrm{max}} $$$ is the tangential limit stress (MPa); $$$ {F}_n $$$ is the normal force on the bonding bond of the particles (N); $$$ {M}_t $$$ is the tangential moment applied to the bonding bond of the particles (N m); $$$ {M}_n $$$ is the Normal moment applied to the bonding bond of the particles (N m); $$$ {A}_b $$$ is the contact area (mm 2 ); $$$ J $$$ is the bonded spherical spatial moments of inertia (m 4 ); and $$$ {R}_b $$$ is the bonding radius (mm).…”

“…Two double‐layer bonding models were created—one for separating the flesh from the peel of potato samples and another for the entire stems of potatoes. Bonding parameters between potato peel–peel, flesh‐peel, and flesh–flesh were calibrated using the Plackett–Burman test, the steepest climb test, and the Box–Behnken test (Xie et al, 2023; Zhang, Wang, et al, 2023). The aim was to provide fundamental parameters for the discrete‐element simulation analysis of the potato mechanized harvesting process.…”