Optimization and techno-economic analysis of a mixed power system for sustainable operation of cellular sites in 5G era

Okundamiya, Michael S.; Wara, S.T.; Obakhena, Hope Ikoghene

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2022.03.207

Cited by 20 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Energy optimization techniques can prolong the operational lifespan of network equipment and reduce maintenance costs, ensuring the long-term sustainability of 5G infrastructure [28].…”

Section: Extended Network Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing 5G Networks: A Synergy of Routing, Clustering, and Energy Optimization for Unprecedented Performance and Extended Lifespan

Fathima Rubeena

2023

IJRITCC

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The concept of revolutionizing 5G (Fifth Generation) networks through a synergy of routing, clustering, and energy optimization is indeed a promising approach to enhancing the performance and lifespan of wireless networks. Exciting changes will occur in the physical, digital, and biological worlds over the next ten years. Although the needs for Beyond 5G (B5G) are not yet fully understood, an effort has been made to stratify 5G progression and B5G. This work highlights the focus on revolutionizing 5G networks through the integration of routing, clustering, and energy optimization techniques. By combining these methodologies, this research work aims to address the complex challenges in 5G networking, such as efficient data routing, resource allocation, and energy consumption. The objective is to achieve both exceptional performance and an extended lifespan for these networks. The proposed work holds promise for significantly enhancing the capabilities of 5G networks, resulting in improved user experiences, optimized resource utilization, and prolonged network lifespan. In order to completely meet the most stringent 5G standards, such as stratification, or deconstruction into existing technologies, will comprise technology scenarios of 5G evolutions. Wireless sensor networks (WSNs), which offer essential data collecting and monitoring capabilities, are made up entirely of 5G networks. These methods are designed specifically for use in 5G networks to increase the network’s lifespan and overall performance. For 5G networks, routing and clustering techniques from WSNs can be modified and optimized to increase energy efficiency and prolong the network lifetime in 5G networks.

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“…Energy optimization techniques can prolong the operational lifespan of network equipment and reduce maintenance costs, ensuring the long-term sustainability of 5G infrastructure [28].…”

Section: Extended Network Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Revolutionizing 5G Networks: A Synergy of Routing, Clustering, and Energy Optimization for Unprecedented Performance and Extended Lifespan

Fathima Rubeena

2023

IJRITCC

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“…A new road map of hybrid technology is emerging, to eradicate to a minimal level, the issues of irregular and insufficient electricity supply; numerous hybrid energy systems have been introduced and examined in literature [7][8][9][10][11][12][13]. Nonetheless, different versions of energy storage, such as batteries [14], compressed air energy storage (CAES) [15], flywheels [16], hydrogen fuel cells [17], pumped hydro storage (PHS) [18], super-capacitors [19], and superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) [20] can be employed.…”

Section: Overview Of Energy Storage Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, each technology has its peculiar flaw. Specifically, batteries as a storage system present discharge proficiency of high value, but at increased load current, the proficiency decays rapidly with their rate capacity outcome [2,3]. The design and development of a rechargeable storage system with high power and energy densities coupled with a longer life span are of boundless significance [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Battery Cells and a Super-capacitor Bank Storage System: Design Trend and Strategies for Renewable Power Applications

Enobakhare

Obakhena

Ogunbor

et al. 2022

JERR

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The variability of critical load demands has led to an increasing push for a clean, sufficient and reliable power supply. Employing innovative techniques to address this need, is a feat yet to be met by several developing nations. Inverter systems based on battery storage provide the extra energy supply to these loads, due to the unavailability of the general power supply. Nevertheless, discharging/charging values of energy demands at peak levels notably affect the performance of batteries. Interestingly, an integrated energy system incorporating power and energy densities of high value can be supplied by combining batteries and other storage devices, in this context super-capacitors (SC). In light of the above, this paper presents the hybrid combination of battery cells and a super-capacitor bank storage system, highlighting its design as well as performance assessment aimed at improving the battery’s life span and its performance while on-load. A novel automatic switching system (ASS) is incorporated to establish a parallel connection between the battery and SC. The ASS detects energy signals from either source of power considered and engages the battery/super-capacitor hybrid system, either to charge or serve as a source of energy to the load. The results show that a significant initial value of transient current is supplied by the super-capacitor. The current draw at peak level is drastically reduced on the battery. This also results in economical savings in cost and increased reliability, which has been necessitated in the backup energy market.

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“…In the last decade, different technologies are developed, such as the role of 5G in transportation in smart cities and in-vehicle communication [1], creating the artificial system to control network traffic (CTN) [2], permitting to create the protocol to increase the security of the application and software [3], satellite communication [4], IoT [5], in biomedical to detect the tumors [6], innovative sensors [7], Passive Optical Networks (PON) [8], energy harvesting [9], Massive Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) [10], robotic control communication [11], and hybrid power systems for convenient cellular operation [12]. The "Big Three" of the coming wireless networks are small cell networks, mm-wave technology, and D2D communication [13]- [15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Accurate Model to Estimate 5G Propagation Path Loss for the Indoor Environment

Zakeri¹,

Shirazi²,

Moradi³

2023

Preprint

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This paper presents a new large-scale propagation path loss model to design a fifth-generation (5G) wireless communication system for indoor environments. Simulations for the indoor environment, for all polarization at non-line-of-sight (NLOS) and line-of-sight (LOS), which are performed per meter over a distance of 47 m between each of the separated transmitter antenna (TX) and the receiver antenna (RX) positions to compare better the proposed extensive flexible path loss model with previous models.All the simulations are conducted at the Abu-rayhan buildings at the Amirkabir University of Technology. The results demonstrated that the simple presented model with a single parameter denoted ZMS can predict the expansive path loss over distance more accurately. The values of the path loss exponent (PLE) for the LOS scenario are simulated and achieved at 3.63, 1.81, and 3.42 for the V-H, V-V, and V-Omni antenna polarizations, and for NLOS is 6.11, 4.21, and 5.23 at the 28 GHz frequency for all the polarization antenna type V-H, V-V, and V-Omni, appropriately.

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Optimization and techno-economic analysis of a mixed power system for sustainable operation of cellular sites in 5G era

Cited by 20 publications

References 33 publications

Revolutionizing 5G Networks: A Synergy of Routing, Clustering, and Energy Optimization for Unprecedented Performance and Extended Lifespan

Revolutionizing 5G Networks: A Synergy of Routing, Clustering, and Energy Optimization for Unprecedented Performance and Extended Lifespan

Battery Cells and a Super-capacitor Bank Storage System: Design Trend and Strategies for Renewable Power Applications

An Accurate Model to Estimate 5G Propagation Path Loss for the Indoor Environment

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