Optimization and Stability Testing of Four Commercially Available Dried Blood Spot Devices for Estimating Measles and Rubella IgG Antibodies

Kaduskar, Ojas; Bhatt, Vaishali; Prosperi, Christine; Hayford, Kyla; Hasan, Alvira Z.; Deshpande, Gururaj; Tilekar, Bipin; Thangaraj, Jeromie Wesley Vivian; Kumar, Muthusamy Santhosh; Gupta, Nivedita; Murhekar, Manoj; Moss, William J.; Mehendale, Sanjay; Sangal, Lucky; Sapkal, Gajanan

doi:10.1128/msphere.00490-21

Cited by 11 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…The temperature and duration of storage can also contribute to antibody degradation. A study in India found that measles and rubella IgG concentration in DBS were stable compared with sera for at least 90 days when stored at 4˚C and for as long as 30 days at ambient temperature [28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spots for serology of vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review

Holroyd

Schiaffino

Chang

et al. 2022

Expert Review of Vaccines

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Introduction: Venous serum and plasma are optimal specimens for serological testing but may be logistically infeasible. Dried blood spots (DBS) are a feasible alternative, provided results are adequately sensitive and specific. We aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of DBS to measure IgG and IgM antibodies for vaccine-preventable diseases and compare test validity of DBS with venous blood. Areas covered:In October 2020, we searched seven databases for peer-reviewed studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of DBS specimens compared with serum in detecting antibodies to VPDs in humans.We extracted data and assessed risk of bias in all included studies. We calculated sensitivity and specificity with 95% confidence intervals for each index-reference test comparison. We narratively synthesized the identified evidence on diagnostic accuracy and blood collection and processing methods for DBS. Studies on measles and rubella IgG and IgM were the most frequently identified and reported generally high sensitivity and specificity.Expert opinion: Lack of standardization in collection, storage, and testing methods limited systematic comparison across studies. Our findings indicate a need for additional validation studies on the diagnostic accuracy of DBS to expand their use in serological surveillance. We recommend practical considerations to improve standardized reporting for DBS validation studies.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spots for serology of vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review

Holroyd

Schiaffino

Chang

et al. 2022

Expert Review of Vaccines

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“… 69 − 71 It is interesting that ambient temperature resulted in better signal because the majority of literature reports for various storage temperatures have shown that 4–5 °C is optimal storage for antibody based sensors. 69 , 72 Several theories to explain this could be increased humidity in the fridge even in a desiccator or perhaps the electrochemical signal of the SPCE (as opposed to the modification itself) is impacted by the lower temperature. The exact mechanism still remains unclear and was outside the scope of the current investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The other storage conditions resulted in a decrease in signal likely from loss of antibody activity of the modification over time. Many other sensors with immobilized antibodies have been found to store better in dry conditions, due to faster protein degradation in humid environments. − It is interesting that ambient temperature resulted in better signal because the majority of literature reports for various storage temperatures have shown that 4–5 °C is optimal storage for antibody based sensors. , Several theories to explain this could be increased humidity in the fridge even in a desiccator or perhaps the electrochemical signal of the SPCE (as opposed to the modification itself) is impacted by the lower temperature. The exact mechanism still remains unclear and was outside the scope of the current investigation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrochemical Capillary Driven Immunoassay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

et al. 2022

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The COVID-19 pandemic focused attention on a pressing need for fast, accurate, and low-cost diagnostic tests. This work presents an electrochemical capillary driven immunoassay (eCaDI) developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid (N) protein. The low-cost flow device is made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and adhesive films. Upon addition of a sample, reagents and washes are sequentially delivered to an integrated screen-printed carbon electrode for detection, thus automating a full sandwich immunoassay with a single end-user step. The modified electrodes are sensitive and selective for SARS-CoV-2 N protein and stable for over 7 weeks. The eCaDI was tested with influenza A and Sindbis virus and proved to be selective. The eCaDI was also successfully applied to detect nine different SARS-CoV-2 variants, including Omicron.

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“…At least 3 fully saturated blood spots will be collected on Whatman 903 Protein Saver Cards and placed at 4°C for storage. Previous studies have shown that antibodies are stable at this temperature for at least 90 days and likely much longer [ 28 , 29 ].…”

Section: Laboratory Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Natural Immune Responses to Shigella Exposure Using Multiplex Bead Assays on Dried Blood Spots in High-Burden Countries: Protocol From a Multisite Diarrhea Surveillance Study

Benedicto-Matambo,

Avolio,

Badji

et al. 2024

Open Forum Infectious Diseases

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Background Molecular diagnostics on human fecal samples have identified a larger burden of shigellosis than previously appreciated by culture. Evidence of fold changes in immunoglobulin G (IgG) to conserved and type-specific Shigella antigens could be used to validate the molecular assignment of type-specific Shigella as the etiology of acute diarrhea and support polymerase chain reaction (PCR)–based microbiologic end points for vaccine trials. Methods We will test dried blood spots collected at enrollment and 4 weeks later using bead-based immunoassays for IgG to invasion plasmid antigen B and type-specific lipopolysaccharide O-antigen for Shigella flexneri 1b, 2a, 3a, and 6 and Shigella sonnei in Shigella-positive cases and age-, site-, and season-matched test-negative controls from all sites in the Enterics for Global Health (EFGH) Shigella surveillance study. Fold antibody responses will be compared between culture-positive, culture-negative but PCR-attributable, and PCR-positive but not attributable cases and test-negative controls. Age- and site-specific seroprevalence distributions will be identified, and the association between baseline antibodies and Shigella attribution will be estimated. Conclusions The integration of these assays into the EFGH study will help support PCR-based attribution of acute diarrhea to type-specific Shigella, describe the baseline seroprevalence of conserved and type-specific Shigella antibodies, and support correlates of protection for immunity to Shigella diarrhea. These insights can help support the development and evaluation of Shigella vaccine candidates.

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Optimization and Stability Testing of Four Commercially Available Dried Blood Spot Devices for Estimating Measles and Rubella IgG Antibodies

Abstract: Dried blood spot (DBS) collection offers various advantages over conventional methods of blood collection, especially when collecting and transporting samples for a serosurvey. Yet use of DBS requires additional processing steps in the laboratory that can add to variability in results.

Cited by 11 publications

References 20 publications

Diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spots for serology of vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review

Diagnostic accuracy of dried blood spots for serology of vaccine-preventable diseases: a systematic review

Electrochemical Capillary Driven Immunoassay for Detection of SARS-CoV-2

Exploring Natural Immune Responses to Shigella Exposure Using Multiplex Bead Assays on Dried Blood Spots in High-Burden Countries: Protocol From a Multisite Diarrhea Surveillance Study

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