Optimization and Pretreatment for Hot Water Extraction of Korean Deer (Cervus canadensis Erxleben) Velvet Antlers

Abstract

Velvet antler (VA) is a historically traditional medicinal supplement and is well known in Asian countries for its pharmaceutical and health benefits. The objectives for this study were to optimize the hot water extraction (HWE) of VA for the Korean VA industry, and to determine the most effective pretreatment method among microwave (MW), ultrasonication (US), and enzymatic (EZ) techniques. Using response surface methodology, optimum extraction temperatures and times were determined by central composite design configuration based on extraction yield and sialic acid content. Various quality parameters of VA extract including yield, soluble solid, protein, and sialic acid contents were also compared with the conjunction of HWE and pretreatment. The yield and sialic acid content of VA extract were determined to be 40% and 0.73 mg/g, respectively, under an optimum temperature of 100°C at 24 h of extraction time. The yields from VA extracts pretreated with MW, US, and EZ were 17.42%, 19.73%, and 29.15%, respectively. Among the tested commercial enzymes, pepsin was the most effective proteolytic enzyme and led to the highest yield (47.65%), soluble solids (4.03 ˚brix), protein (1.12 mg/ml), and sialic acid (3.04 mg/ml) contents from VA extract.

Enhanced γ-aminobutyric acid and sialic acid in fermented deer antler velvet and immune promoting effects

“…Sialic acid in antler velvet has been considered a biomarker among bioactive molecules. Various extraction methods utilizing enzymes and fermentation, amongst others, have been developed to improve the recovery of sialic acid [ 32 – 34 ]. All the selected strains increased the sialic acid content; however, fermentation with LFR20-006, LFR20-007, and LFR20-008 increased the sialic acid content by approximately eight-fold ( Fig.…”

Characterization of hot water extract from Korean deer velvet antler (Cervus canadensis Erxleben)

“…Su-Hyeon Kim 1 , Kashif Ameer 2,3 , Jun-Hyun Oh 4 , Mi-Kyung Park 1,5 * several pharmacological benefits for immune, cardiovascular, nervous and reproductive systems and are used frequently to develop functional foods, nutraceutical supplements and other medicinal products (Jang et al, 2020;. Bioactive compounds from animal sources include essential oils, vitamins, minerals, dietary fiber, peptides, protaglandinds, glycoaminoglycans, proteins and fatty acids (Cheng et al, 2017).…”