Optimization and Characterization of High-Harmonic Generation for Probing Solid Density Plasmas

Koliyadu, Jayanath; Künzel, S.; Wodzinski, Thomas; Keitel, Barbara; Duarte, J.; Williams, G.; João, Celso P.; Pires, Hugo; Hariton, Victor; Galletti, Mario; Gomes, Nuno; Figueira, Gonçalo; Dias, J. M.; Lopes, Nelson; Zeitoun, Philippe; Plönjes, Elke; Fajardo, M.

doi:10.3390/photonics4020025

Cited by 6 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Unfortunately, to our knowledge, very few studies of HHG report the actual pressure in the generating medium. Interestingly, these results 13,88,92,93 , which agree well with our prediction, span the different phase matching regimes discussed in the present article. Note that Comby et al 88 (blue squares) report five different measurements.…”

Section: Influence Of the Driving Wavelength And Comparison To Experi...supporting

confidence: 92%

“…Given a driving pulse energy E = 1 mJ, duration τ = 22 fs FWHM and wavelength of 810 nm, we want to optimize the number of photons of the 23 rd harmonic in Ar, with (i) and without (ii) the additional requirement of a high spatial quality. Finally, we discuss the influence of the driving wavelength and compare our prediction to existing experimental data 13,88,92,93 .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

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How to optimize high-order harmonic generation in gases

et al. 2022

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High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in gases leads to short-pulse extreme ultraviolet (XUV) radiation useful in a number of applications, for example, attosecond science and nanoscale imaging. However, this process depends on many parameters and there is still no consensus on how to choose the target geometry to optimize the source efficiency. Here, we review the physics of HHG with emphasis on the macroscopic aspects of the nonlinear interaction. We analyze the influence of medium length, pressure, position of the medium and intensity of the driving laser on the HHG conversion efficiency (CE), using both numerical modelling and analytical expressions. We find that efficient high-order harmonic generation can be realized over a large range of pressures and medium lengths, if these follow a certain hyperbolic equation. The spatial and temporal properties of the generated radiation are, however, strongly dependent on the choice of pressure and medium length. Our results explain the large versatility in gas target designs for efficient HHG and provide design guidance for future high-flux XUV sources.

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Section: Influence Of the Driving Wavelength And Comparison To Experi...supporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 81%

How to optimize high-order harmonic generation in gases

et al. 2022

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“…With the advent of high-harmonic generation (Ferray et al 1988), attosecond extreme-ultraviolet (XUV) pulses are more readily available to small-scale labs. Furthermore, with reliable methods of generating and measuring XUV pulses (Calegari et al 2016;Koliyadu et al 2017), employing XUV frequencies in optical probing methods is now becoming a possibility, for instance, spectral interference methods on the spectral fringes of an attosecond pulse train (Salières et al 1999;Descamps et al 2000;Merdji et al 2000;Hergott et al 2003), high-harmonic transmission spectroscopy to measure electron density (Hergott et al 2001;Dobosz et al 2005) and measurement of XUV refractive index in solid-density plasmas (Williams et al 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2016; Koliyadu et al. 2017), employing XUV frequencies in optical probing methods is now becoming a possibility, for instance, spectral interference methods on the spectral fringes of an attosecond pulse train (Salières et al. 1999; Descamps et al.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attosecond dispersion as a diagnostics tool for solid-density laser-generated plasmas

et al. 2022

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Extreme-ultraviolet pulses can propagate through ionised solid-density targets, unlike optical pulses and, thus, have the potential to probe the interior of such plasmas on sub-femtosecond timescales. We present a synthetic diagnostic method for solid-density laser-generated plasmas based on the dispersion of an extreme-ultraviolet attosecond probe pulse, in a pump–probe scheme. We demonstrate the theoretical feasibility of this approach through calculating the dispersion of an extreme-ultraviolet probe pulse propagating through a laser-generated plasma. The plasma dynamics is calculated using a particle-in-cell simulation, whereas the dispersion of the probe is calculated with an external pseudo-spectral wave solver, allowing for high accuracy when calculating the dispersion. The application of this method is illustrated on thin-film plastic and aluminium targets irradiated by a high-intensity pump pulse. By comparing the dispersion of the probe pulse at different delays relative to the pump pulse, it is possible to follow the evolution of the plasma as it disintegrates. The high-frequency end of the dispersion provides information on the line-integrated electron density, whereas lower frequencies are more affected by the highest density encountered along the path of the probe. In addition, the presence of thin-film interference could be used to study the evolution of the plasma surface.

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“…Concretely, HHG spectroscopy has proved to be very promising for revealing various types of structural information about atoms and simple linear molecules [5][6][7] and it is the most convenient source of attosecond (1 as = 10 −18 s) pulses [8]. Because of that, HHG has been studied both experimentally and theoretically [9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of the Corrected Ionization Potential on the HHG Transition Rate in a Linearly Polarized Laser

2018

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In this paper, we theoretically described the influence of the ponderomotive and the Stark shift on the highorder harmonic generation's transition rate for the cases of noble and alkali atoms in nonrelativistic, linearly polarized laser field. To describe harmonic generation, we used the analytical formula by Frolov et al. which is derived for a weakly bound electron in the tunneling limit and modified it in way to include mentioned effects. We showed that the inclusion of these effects affects the high-order harmonic generation's rate and that for the same conditions, the intensity of the alkali harmonics were considerably weaker compared to the intensity of noble harmonics. Also, the Stark shift for the alkali atoms induces not only decrease of the peak heights i.e. decrease of the ionization yield, but also the peak broadening. At the end, we analyzed the influence of the beam shape on the behavior of obtained theoretical curves. We considered two types of laser field shape, Gaussian and Lorentzian. It is shown that the high-order harmonic generation's rate depends on the spatial distribution of laser beam profiles.

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Optimization and Characterization of High-Harmonic Generation for Probing Solid Density Plasmas

Cited by 6 publications

References 30 publications

How to optimize high-order harmonic generation in gases

How to optimize high-order harmonic generation in gases

Attosecond dispersion as a diagnostics tool for solid-density laser-generated plasmas

Effect of the Corrected Ionization Potential on the HHG Transition Rate in a Linearly Polarized Laser

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