Optimization and characterization of electroless co-deposited PdRu membranes: Effect of the plating variables on morphology

The Influence of Cu(II) Existence State on Characteristics, Reactivity, and Recyclability of Microscale Fe/Cu Bimetal

“…Braun et al used EDTA-2Na as a stabilizer to codeposit PdRu membranes by electroless plating and found that the prepared PdRu films were dendritic in the absence of EDTA-2Na, while PdRu films obtained with EDTA-2Na presented ordered metallic structures. 16 Similar result was found in our previous study, the obtained Cu without EDTA-2Na has a similar dendritic morphology, and the deposited layer was easily dropped off from the surface of the substrate to form a plenty of Cu particles, which could not form galvanic cells between Fe and Cu. 9 In this study, therefore, we will investigate the influence of the Cu(II) existence state on characteristics, performance, and recyclability of mFe/Cu bimetal.…”

“…In addition, the complexants can react with the metal ions (e.g., Cu­(II)) to form the stable complexes, which improve the characteristics of electroless deposit. Braun et al used EDTA-2Na as a stabilizer to codeposit PdRu membranes by electroless plating and found that the prepared PdRu films were dendritic in the absence of EDTA-2Na, while PdRu films obtained with EDTA-2Na presented ordered metallic structures . Similar result was found in our previous study, the obtained Cu without EDTA-2Na has a similar dendritic morphology, and the deposited layer was easily dropped off from the surface of the substrate to form a plenty of Cu particles, which could not form galvanic cells between Fe and Cu …”

“…9 In the study of Braun et al, a decrease in thickness happened in the absence of EDTA, and the plated layer was uniform and dense with a molar ratio of EDTA/[Ru + Pd] = 180/10. 16 However, these studies have either reduced the dosage of the complexant or have not focused on the speciation of the layer affected by the complexant. Therefore, in this study, we tested the speciation of Cu(II) in the preparation of aqueous solution on the activity of mFe/Cu and mFe/nCu.…”

“…Prior work has documented the ineffectiveness of the complexant in improving the activity of bimetallic particles; for example, Lai et al reported that the dense Cu layer was deposited on Fe with EDTA and inhibited the corrosion of Fe, which would reduce the reactivity of Fe/Cu bimetals . In the study of Braun et al, a decrease in thickness happened in the absence of EDTA, and the plated layer was uniform and dense with a molar ratio of EDTA/[Ru + Pd] = 180/10 . However, these studies have either reduced the dosage of the complexant or have not focused on the speciation of the layer affected by the complexant.…”

Electroless Plating of Palladium Membranes on Porous Substrates for Hydrogen Separation and the Effects of Process Factors on Plating Rate and Efficiency: A Review

“…(2011) [32] in their work discovered that membranes prepared without EDTA showed cracks and a dendritic morphology but the morphology of membranes prepared with EDTA and low concentration of hydrazine were more homogeneous. The effect of EDTA at different concentrations of the reducer has not been fully investigated to provide a better understanding as to the optimum EDTA concentration (wt %) at which the impurities could be avoided to achieve full bath stability.…”