Optimization and Analysis of Zeolite Augmented Electrocoagulation Process in the Reduction of High-Strength Ammonia in Saline Landfill Leachate

Hamid, Mohd. Azhar Abd.; Aziz, Hamidi Abdul; Yusoff, Mohd Suffian; Rezan, Sheikh Abdul

doi:10.3390/w12010247

Cited by 26 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 66 publications

(52 reference statements)

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“…According to Favvas et al (2016), the crushing condition process may result in differences in appearance and damages at the zeolite structure. The analysis of properties and chemical composition on clinoptilolite used in this study are similar obtained in our previous work (Hamid et al, 2020b), with various evaluation through BET (surface area: 49.33 m 2 /g, pore volume: 0.0927 cm 3 /g, and diameter: 7.51 nm), XRF (SiO 2 : 71.80%, Al 2 O 3 : 12.63%, CaO: 2.11%, K 2 O: 2.56%, Fe 2 O 3 : 1.43%, MgO: 0.61%, Na 2 O: 0.93%, TiO 2 : 0.13%, P 2 O 5 : 0.02%, and MnO: 0.61%), and XRD (Na 1.66 , O 72 , Al 5.48 , Si 30.52 , and K 2.56 ). Meanwhile, the loss on ignition, Si/Al ratio, and density of these clinoptilolites, respectively, were 10.26%, 5.67, and 2.151 g/cm 3 .…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…It can be noted that the ammonia and color removals increased up to 69 ± 1% and 87 ± 1%, respectively, upon increasing the stirring speed from 50 to 200 rpm (optimum). This can be attributed to the increased in the movement of ions within the electrolyte when the desirable stirring speed was performed on the zeolite adsorbent, thus reducing the resistance to the external barrier for convenient mass transfer (Hamid et al, 2020b). Furthermore, the high removal rates were due to the flocs development in a short period when the movement of the ions was enhanced (Ye et al, 2015).…”

Section: Clinoptilolite Augmented Electrocoagulation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high‐strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate

Hamid

Aziz

Yusoff

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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The high-strength leachate produced from sanitary landfill is a serious issue around the world as it poses adverse effects on aquatic life and human health. Physio-chemical technology is one of the promising options as the leachate normally presents in stabilized form and not fully amendable by biological treatment. In this research, the effectiveness of natural zeolite (clinoptilolite) augmented electrocoagulation process (hybrid system) for removing high-strength ammonia (3,442 mg/L) and color (8,427 Pt-Co) from naturally saline (15 ppt) local landfill leachate was investigated. A batch mode laboratory-scale reactor with parallel-monopolar aluminum electrodes attached to a direct current (DC) electric power was used as an electrocoagulation reactor for performance enhancement purpose. Optimum operational conditions of 146 g/L zeolite dosage, 600 A/m 2 current density, 60 min treatment time, 200 rpm stirring speed, 35 min settling duration, and pH 9 were recorded with up to 70% and 88% removals of ammonia and color, respectively. The estimated overall operational cost was 26.22 $/m 3. The biodegradability of the leachate had improved from 0.05 to 0.27 in all post-treatment processes. The findings revealed the ability of the hybrid process as a viable option in eliminating concentrated ammonia and color in natural saline landfill leachate. © 2020 Water Environment Federation • Practitioner points • Clinoptilolite was augmented on the electrocoagulation process in saline and stabilized landfill leachate (15 ppt). • The high strength NH 3-N (3,442 mg/L) and color (8,427 Pt-Co) were 70% and 88% removed, respectively. • The optimum conditions occurred at 140 g/L zeolite, 60 mA/cm 2 current density, 60 min, and final pH of 8.20. • The biodegradability of the leachate improved from 0.05 to 0.27 after the treatment. • This hybrid treatment was simple, faster, and did not require auxiliary electrolyte.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Clinoptilolite Augmented Electrocoagulation Processmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high‐strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate

Hamid

Aziz

Yusoff

et al. 2020

Water Environment Research

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“…A landfill leachate is quite commonly classified into different biodegradability ratios (biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand [BOD 5 /COD]): <0.1 (stabilized, >10 years), 0.1-0.5 (intermediate, 5 to 10 years), and >0.5 (young, <5 years) (Hamid et al, 2020). Natural biological treatment is only effective for young and intermediate leachates (BOD 5 /COD > 0.5) that are rich in biodegradable organic compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of ozonation with zirconium and tin tetrachloride for stabilized anaerobic landfill leachate treatment

Zakaria

Aziz

Alazaiza

2022

Water Environment Research

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Landfill leachate can threaten the environment and human life. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the efficiency of ozone (O 3 ), O 3 with zirconium tetrachloride (O 3 /ZrCl 4 ), and O 3 with tin tetrachloride (O 3 /SnCl 4 ) in remediating the stabilized anaerobic landfill leachate (SAL) from Alor Pongsu, Perak. Hydroxyl radical (OH•) is an important oxidizing agent in the ozonation process. Its presence was tested using tert-butyl alcohol. Results showed that using ZrCl 4 and SnCl 4 in ozonation boosted the generation of hydroxyl radical, thereby enhancing the oxidation process and pollutant removal inside the sample. The O 3 /ZrCl 4 mix at chemical oxygen demand (COD) to ZrCl 4 ratio of 1:1.5, pH 8-9, and 90-min reaction time resulted in the highest reduction rates of COD and color at 91.9% and 99.6%, respectively. All results demonstrated that the optimum performance occurred at alkaline conditions (pH > 8), proving that OH radicals primarily oxidized the pollutants through an indirect reaction pathway. The biodegradability (biochemical oxygen demand/COD) ratio was also considerably improved from 0.02 (raw) to 0.37 using O 3 /ZrCl 4 , compared with using O 3 alone and using O 3 / SnCl 4 , which only recorded 0.23 and 0.28, respectively, after the treatment. The study demonstrated that O 3 /ZrCl 4 was the most efficient combination. Practitioner Points• The O 3 /ZrCl 4 recorded the highest COD and color removals.• The O 3 /ZrCl 4 combination also recorded higher OH• concentrations.• The biodegradability of leachate (BOD 5 /COD ratio) improved from 0.02 to 0.37.

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“…Under optimized conditions, clinoptilolite (2 g/L, 50 μm, and 50%) and Sigma 96,096 (4 g/L, 150 μm, and 50%) effectively removed 58.2% and 37.8% of NH 3 -N, respectively. The behavior of a novel zeolite augmented on the electrocoagulation process (ZAEP) using an aluminum electrode in the removal of high-strength concentration ammonia (3,471 mg/L) from landfill leachate was examined (Hamid et al 2020). A response surfaces methodology (RSM) through central composite designs (CCD) was used to optimize the treatment process and the following operation conditions were found to be optimum: Zeolite dosage of 105 g/L, the current density of 600 A/m 2 , electrolysis duration of 60 min, and pH 8.20.…”

Section: Application Of Batch Adsorption Systems On Landfill Leachatementioning

confidence: 99%

A review on the application of nanoporous zeolite for sanitary landfill leachate treatment

Turan

2021

Water Science and Technology

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This review deals with low-cost nanoporous zeolites for the treatment of sanitary landfill leachate. Organic contaminants and ammoniacal nitrogen are significant parameters in landfill leachate treatment. Adsorption processes are regarded as promising alternative treatment options in this respect. Zeolites are aluminosilicate materials that are widely used in separation, ﬁltration, adsorption and catalysis. Natural zeolite is a low-cost and readily available form of zeolite and is a promising candidate to be used as an ion exchange material for ammonia and other inorganic pollutant removal from landfill leachate. In this review, adsorption isotherms and kinetic models in batch system are evaluated and adsorption design parameters of the fixed-bed system are presented. Studies on ammonia removal from landfill leachate via zeolites have been thoroughly investigated. Leachate treatment systems combined with zeolites are presented. Cost of zeolites are also reported in comparison with other adsorbents. The investigated studies demonstrate that activated zeolite can improve the removal of COD, NH3-N and color significantly compared to the case where raw zeolite is used. Moreover, the composite of activated carbon and zeolite is also favorable for ammonia removal according to reported findings, where best adsorptive removal is attained on the composite media (24.39 mg/g).

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Optimization and Analysis of Zeolite Augmented Electrocoagulation Process in the Reduction of High-Strength Ammonia in Saline Landfill Leachate

Cited by 26 publications

References 66 publications

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high‐strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate

Clinoptilolite augmented electrocoagulation process for the reduction of high‐strength ammonia and color from stabilized landfill leachate

Effectiveness of ozonation with zirconium and tin tetrachloride for stabilized anaerobic landfill leachate treatment

A review on the application of nanoporous zeolite for sanitary landfill leachate treatment

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