Optimization and activation of renewable durian husk for biosorption of lead (II) from an aqueous medium

Abstract

Background Biosorption of lead Pb(II) by durian husk activated carbon (DHAC) was investigated. The main aim of this work is to explore the effect of operating variables such as pH, biosorbent dose, temperature, initial metal ion concentration and contact time on the removal of Pb(II) from synthesized aqueous medium using a response surface methodology (RSM) technique. The experimentation was performed in two sets, namely set 1 and set 2. Results For experimental set 1, pH was set to 7.0. The optimum conditions for the remaining parameters were determined to be 0.39 g DHAC dose, 60 min contact time and 100 mg L−1 of initial metal ion concentration, which yielded maximum biosorption capacity of 14.6 mg g−1. For experimental set 2, 41.27 °C, 8.95 and 99.96 mg L−1 were the optimum conditions determined for temperature, pH and initial Pb(II) concentration, respectively; which revealed a maximum adsorption capacity of 9.67 mg g−1. Characterization of the adsorbent revealed active functional groups such as hydroxyl, carboxylic, alcohol and hemicellulose. The equilibrium adsorption data obeyed the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models with maximum Langmuir uptake of 36.1 mg g−1. Conclusions The biosorbent was capable of reuse, so that the abundant durian husk could be utilized effectively for the removal of Pb(II) from polluted water. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry

A Green Approach of Utilising Banana Peel (Musa paradisiaca) as Adsorbent Precursor for an Anionic Dye Removal: Kinetic, Isotherm and Thermodynamics Analysis

“…The virgin banana peel had a pH pzc of 5.21. pH pzc is the condition where the solution's surface charge density is equal to zero. When the pH of the surrounding environment is lower than the adsorbent's PZC, the adsorbent's surface tends to be positively charged, and when the adsorbent's PZC is above the pH of the environment, the adsorbent's surface charge will be negatively charged [8,12]. The present result is in accordance with previous studies utilizing several agricultural by-products as a low-cost biosorbent including banana peel, with values from 4.5 to 5.9 [13,14].…”

“…The waste produced by people throwing away banana peels has caught the attention of eco-activists. Since the banana peel's soft and spongy texture makes it an excellent adsorbent for many toxicants, including dyes, this by-product can be used to generate greater economic value while mitigating environmental harm including dyes [7][8][9][10][11][12]. Several studies for the removal of Evans blue using agricultural waste have been reported globally [13,14] but not banana peel.…”

In focus: Environmentally Sound and Sustainable Technologies

“…This issue of Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology ( JCTB ) includes seven research articles that dealt with biodiesel production, adsorbents from green and renewable resources and the techno‐economic and environmental sustainability study of Malaysia power generation …”

“…This issue of Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology (JCTB) includes seven research articles that dealt with biodiesel production, 1 adsorbents from green and renewable resources [2][3][4][5][6] and the techno-economic and environmental sustainability study of Malaysia power generation. 7 Tan et al 1 utilized the Jatropha seed directly during ultrasound-assisted in situ esterification to reduce the high free fatty acids (FFAs) content to acceptable limit of 2 FFA% before subjected to further transesterification reaction.…”

“…Ngabura et al have employed a response surface methodology (RSM) to study the biosorption of Lead Pb(II) on durian husk activated carbon (DHAC). The equilibrium adsorption data obeyed Langmuir isotherm and pseudo‐second‐order kinetic models with maximum Langmuir uptake of 36.1 mg g −1 .…”