Optimism versus pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research.

Scheier, Michael F.; Swanson, Joshua; Barlow, Meaghan; Greenhouse, Joel B.; Wrosch, Carsten; Tindle, Hilary A.

doi:10.1037/amp0000666

Cited by 57 publications

(110 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…The extent to which perceived helpfulness relates to definitions of successful treatment outcomes in clinical trials is difficult to determine. It is clear, though, that the two are overlapping rather than distinct given that perceptions such as those of treatment helpfulness, quality of life, optimism about the future, and purpose in life all relate directly to morbidity 9,38 and mortality. 39,40 Thus, the percep- †Treatment delay (years) = Age at first mania/hypomania treatment -Age at onset of mania/hypomania.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

et al. 2021

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Bristol-Myers Squibb. We thank the staff of the WMH Data Collection and Data Analysis Coordination Centres for assistance with instrumentation, fieldwork, and consultation on data analysis. None of the funders had any role in the design, analysis, interpretation of results, or preparation of this manuscript. The views and opinions expressed in this report are those of the authors and should not be construed to represent the views of the World Health Organization, other sponsoring organizations, agencies, or governments. The Argentina survey -Estudio Argentino de Epidemiología en Salud Mental (EASM) -was supported by a grant from the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

et al. 2021

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“…These findings help illuminate the similarities between preterm born and term born adults. Albeit surprisingly, given that preterm born individuals more often report neurocognitive, socioemotional and physical and mental health adversities [ 5 , 10 ], which have individually been linked to lower optimism and higher pessimism [ 19 , 21 – 24 ]. The lack of differences, however, may reflect that the adulthood follow-ups captured preterm born and term born young adults who fared better and would report less physical and mental health adversities than those who did not participate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous studies associate higher optimism with better physical health [ 15 ], exceptional longevity [ 16 ], and decreased risk of mortality [ 17 , 18 ]. A comprehensive meta-analysis found a significant positive association between overall optimism/pessimism with aggregate positive physical health outcome measures [ 19 ]. Optimism has also been associated with lower rates of binge-eating [ 20 ]), better health-related quality of life [ 21 ], more positive daily mood [ 22 , 23 ] and less suicidal ideation [ 24 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimism in adults born preterm: Systematic review and individual-participant-data meta-analysis

et al. 2021

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Aim Preterm birth(<37 gestational weeks) is associated with numerous adversities, however, data on positive developmental outcomes remain limited. We examined if preterm and term born(≥37 gestational weeks) adults differ in dispositional optimism/pessimism, a personality trait associated with health and wellbeing. We assessed if birth weight z-score, neurosensory impairments and parental education modified the outcome. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and Web of Science for cohort or case-control studies(born ≥ 1970) with data on gestational age and optimism/pessimism reported using the Life-Orientation-Test-Revised in adulthood(≥18 years). The three identified studies(Helsinki Study of Very Low Birth Weight Adults; Arvo Ylppö Longitudinal Study; Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children) provided data for the two-step random-effects linear regression Individual-Participant-Data meta-analysis. Results Preterm and term borns did not differ on optimism(p = 0.76). Preterms scored higher on pessimism than term borns(Mean difference = 0.35, 95%Confidence Interval 0.36, 0.60, p = 0.007), although not after full adjustment. Preterm born participants, but not term born participants, with higher birth weight z-score, had higher optimism scores (0.30 raw score units per standard deviation increase, 95% CI 0.10, 0.49, p = 0.003); preterm vs term x birth weight z-score interaction p = 0.004). Conclusions Preterm and term born adults display similar optimism. In preterms, higher birth weight may foster developmental trajectories promoting more optimistic life orientations.

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“…Specifically, dispositional optimism predicts the ability of individuals to draw personal strength and explore new perspectives in the context of COVID-19 associated PTG [97]. While individual level optimism can be malleable and increased through interventions [98], it is important to note that higher levels of optimism and/or lower levels of pessimism (the absence of pessimism is a health variable distinct from the presence of optimism [99]) are linked to socioeconomic advantage [100,101]. On the other hand, overly optimistic outlooks can impede realistic expectations about the future, maintain an unhealthy status quo, and subsequently act as a barrier to health promotion [102] and it can also imply that those who do not take a positive attitude toward disaster are at personal fault.…”

Section: Growth From One To Manymentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalyst Twenty-Twenty: Post-Traumatic Growth at Scales of Person, Place and Planet

Logan¹,

Berman

Scott

et al. 2021

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Planetary health is a broad multidisciplinary effort that attempts to address what has been described as “Anthropocene Syndrome”—the wicked, interrelated challenges of our time. These include, but are not limited to, grotesque biodiversity losses, climate change, environmental degradation, resource depletion, the global burden of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), health inequalities, social injustices, erosion of wisdom and civility, together with the many structural underpinnings of these grand challenges. The ultimate aim of planetary health is flourishing along every link in the person, place and planet continuum. The events of “2020” have illuminated the consequences of “mass trauma” and how sub-threshold anxiety and/or depressive symptoms erase the rigid lines between mental “health” and mental “disorders”, and unmasked the systemic forms of injustice, discrimination, and oppression that have too often escaped discourse. Here, we query the ways in which post-traumatic growth research might inform the larger planetary health community, especially in the context of a global pandemic, broadening socioeconomic inequalities, a worsening climate crisis, and the rise of political authoritarianism. The available research would suggest that “2020” fulfills the trauma criteria of having a “seismic impact on the assumptive world”, and as such, provides fertile ground for post-traumatic growth. Among the many potential positive changes that might occur in response to trauma, we focus on the value of new awareness, perspective and greater wisdom.

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Optimism versus pessimism as predictors of physical health: A comprehensive reanalysis of dispositional optimism research.

Cited by 57 publications

References 58 publications

Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

Perceived helpfulness of bipolar disorder treatment: Findings from the World Health Organization World Mental Health Surveys

Optimism in adults born preterm: Systematic review and individual-participant-data meta-analysis

Catalyst Twenty-Twenty: Post-Traumatic Growth at Scales of Person, Place and Planet

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